《胃十二指肠溃疡、胃癌病人的护理课件.ppt

后退 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 根据临床表现评估失血程度 急性呕血 柏油样便 面色苍白、口渴、脉搏快速有力、血压正常但脉压差小的循环代偿现象。 出冷汗、脉搏细速、呼吸浅促、血压降低等休克现象。 如果十二指肠溃疡出血量大而迅猛，可出现色泽较鲜红的血便。 400ml 800ml 50-80ml Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 处理原则 紧急手术止血的指征：①迅猛出血，短期内发生休克②60岁以上的老年病人伴有动脉硬化症，难以自行止血，对再出血耐受性差，应及早手术③进期出现过类似大出血或合并穿孔或幽门梗阻④药物治疗过程中，发生大出血⑤纤维胃镜检查发现动脉波动性出血，或溃疡底部血管显露再出血危险很大 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 手术方法包括：①包括溃疡在内的胃大部切除术②贯穿缝扎术③在贯穿缝扎处理溃疡出血后，可行迷走神经干切断加胃窦切除或幽门成形术 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 病因和病理 胃十二指肠引起的幽门梗阻有痉挛性、炎症水肿性和瘢痕性三种，前两种是暂时的、可逆的，瘢痕性则是永久性的 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 临床表现 幽门梗阻的主要表现是腹部胀痛与反复呕吐宿食。呕吐多发生在下午或夜间，量大，一次可达1000-2000ml，呕吐物含大量宿食有腐败酸臭味，但不含胆汁。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 处理原则 瘢痕性幽门梗阻是手术治疗绝对适应证。术前特别注意禁食、胃肠减压以温生理盐水洗胃。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 术前护理 术后护理 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 急性穿孔病人的护理 溃疡大出血病人的护理 瘢痕性幽门梗阻病人的护理 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 具体的措施包括：严密观察病情变化，禁食、胃肠减压，