《英文摘要的写法.ppt

How to Write an English Abstract How to write an abstract for a technological article 二是认为英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性对译，对中文摘要中的每一个字都不敢遗漏，这往往使英文摘要用词累赘、重复，显得拖沓、冗长。英文摘要应严格、全面的表达中文摘要的内容，不能随意增删，但这并不意味着一个字也不能改动，具体撰写方式应遵循英文语法修辞规则，符合英文专业术语规范，并照顾到英文的表达习惯。 三、基本要素 1. 基本特性2. 时态3. 语态4. 语法修辞 1、基本特性 报道性 指示性 独立性 2、时态 说法二：EI 数据库建议 ? 用过去时态叙述作者工作； ? 用现在时态叙述作者结论。 说法三 论文是通过科学实验揭示客观真理。所取得的结果，无论是过去，还是现在或将来都是如此。故常用现在时表达。 过去时“表达一件过去发生过的事，而且现在已经完结了” 。如文中指出发生的日期和时间是写文章之前，必须用过去时。 例：This was first known in 1930. 许多论文，虽然是作者过去做的工作和得到的结论，然而这些工作和结论并不是达到“完结了”的阶段，而是还会有人，也可能是作者本人，继续研究下去，从而产生进一步的改进和完善。从这一角度出发，可以用现在完成时来描述已做过的工作，以表达这种延续性。 例：Man has not yet discovered an effective cure for the common cold.（人类至今尚未发现一种有效治疗感冒的方法。）句中隐含着估计一段时间后也不会发现，但是将耒能否会有，尚有待事实来说明。 Example 1 一般现在时及其被动语态 PET films uniaxially（单轴地） drawn in hot water are studied by means of conventional DSC and modulated DSC (MDSC). …… Variations of Tg with the water content and with the drawing are discussed in terms of the structure in these materials. The increments（增量） of ΔCp at Tg are also interpreted using a three phases model. Example 2 一般过去时及其被动语态 An analysis of the cure（硫化，固化） kinetics of several different formulations composed of bifunctional epoxy resins and aromatic diamines was performed. …… All kinetic parameters of the curing reaction were calculated and reported. Dynamic and isothermal（等温的） DSC yielded different results. An explanation was offered in terms of different curing mechanism which prevail under different curing conditions. A mechanism scheme was proposed to account for various possible reactions during cure. Example 3 现在完成时及其被动语态 The partial molar enthalpies（偏摩尔焓） of mixing of NaHSO4 and KHSO4 have been measured at 528K by dropping samples of pure compounds into molten mixtures（熔融混合物） of NaHSO4 and KHSO4 in Calvet calorimeter（热量计）. From these values the molar enthalpy of mixing has been deduced. The phase diagram of this system has been confirmed by conductome