PartTwoTheEnglish__Renaissance.doc

Part Two: The English Renaissance Chapter 1: Old England in Transition 1. The New Monarchy Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) The civil war: The War of Roses (1445-1485) The whole noble class suffered great losses with this self-destruction. The King of England assumed greater power than before. Henry VII (1485-1509), founded the Tudor dynasty (都铎王朝). 2. The Reformation (1) Reason: The international regime of the Roman Catholic Church had long been burdensome to the King of England in establishing an absolute monarchy. (2) Henry VIII: ① declared the break with Rome ② carried out a wholesale suppression of the monasteries ③ confiscated the property of the church ④ enriching the new bourgeois nobility 3. The English Bible (1) The Latin Bible the English translation of the Bible (2) The first complete English Bible was translated by John Wycliffe. (3) William Tyndale worked on another English version as an aid to the cause religious reform. The New Testament portions of the Old Testament (4) Influences of The Authorized Version (the “King James Bible”) ① held fast to pure, old English speech ② the standard modern English has been fixed and confirmed. ③ the simple and dignified language of the A.V. has coloured the style of the English prose for the last 300 years and more. the English Bible has woven its phrases and expressions into the texture of the English language, literature, and life. The Enclosure Movement These labourers were fathers of modern English proletarians. 5. The Commercial Expansion establishing the first English colonies 6. The War with Spain the triumph of the rising young bourgeoisie over the declining old feudalism. The English bourgeoisie came to the fore in the arena of history. 7. The Renaissance an