糖尿病的胰岛素治疗缪从庆__培训课件.ppt

长期强化治疗适应症 内生胰岛功能非常差者 (1) 1型DM (2) 病程长的2型DM 需要血糖达标的2型DM (1) 为预防/延缓并发症发生 (2) 黎明现象突出者 (3) 妊娠糖尿病 多数2型糖尿病患者不需要 * Slide 6-6 TYPE 2 DIABETES…A PROGRESSIVE DISEASE Natural History of Type 2 Diabetes The natural history of type 2 diabetes shows the progressive emergence of the disorder. Well before diagnosis, patients may have had significant hyperglycemia for years, perhaps more than a decade. Patients with type 2 diabetes have altered islet b-cell function and impaired insulin action in varying degrees. Plasma glucose may rise above normal in early adulthood, and as age-related declines in b-cell function occur—together with less physical activity and increases in adipose tissue mass—plasma glucose continues to rise. By the time diabetes is diagnosed, plasma glucose may range from 180 to 220 mg/dL. It has been estimated that only about one third of the population has acceptable glycemic control by current standards. Based on the progressive nature of diabetes, complications that may take years to develop are often already present at the time of diagnosis. Riddle MC. Tactics for type II diabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1997;26:659-677; Skyler JS. Insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In: DeFronzo RA, ed. Current Therapies of Diabetes Mellitus. St Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book Inc; 1998:108-116. * * * Slide 6-23 INSULIN TACTICS Twice-daily Split-mixed Regimens Twice-daily mixtures of NPH and regular insulins have been widely used for type 2 diabetes for many years. In some cases, premixed 70/30 insulin is used for this purpose. Patient profiles of insulin levels resulting from this method, as shown in this figure, do not come close to matching the normal endogenous secretory pattern, shown in the shaded background. Patients with type 1 diabetes using this “split-mixed” regimen rarely achieve reasonably good glycemic control by presen