定语从句何时用that.doc

　定语从句?????定语从句（Attributive?Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。?????关系代词有：who,?whom,?whose,?that,?which等。?关系副词有：when,?where,?why等。?一、 关系代词引导的定语从句?????关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。??1）who,?whom,?that????这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：?????Is?he?the?man?who/that?wants?to?see?you????他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）???He?is?the?man?whom/?that?I?saw?yesterday.?他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）??2)?Whose?用来指人或物，(只用作定语,?若指物，它还可以同of?which互换）,?例如：????They?rushed?over?to?help?the?man?whose?car?had?broken?down.???那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。????Please?pass?me?the?book?whose?(of?which)?cover?is?green.??请递给我那本绿皮的书。??3）which,?that?????它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：?A?prosperity?which?/?that?had?never?been?seen?before?appears?in?the?countryside.?农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which?/?that在句中作宾语）?????The?package?(which?/?that)?you?are?carrying?is?about?to?come?unwrapped.?你拿的包快散了。(which?/?that在句中作宾语)??二、 关系代词that,?which的用法?A.?以下情况多用that.?????(1)?如果先行词是all,?much,?anything,?something,?nothing,?everything,?little,?none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：?All?the?people?that?are?present?burst?into?tears.?????Is?there?anything?that?I?can?do?for?you??(2)?如果先行词被the?only,?the?very,?the?same,?the?last,?the?best等词修饰，关系代词常用that(指人时，可以用who),例如：?This?is?the?very?book?that?I?want?to?find.?That?is?the?best?film?that?we?have?seen.?I?was?the?only?person?in?my?office?that/who?was?invited.????(3)?当先行词被all,?every,?no,?some,?any,?little,?much所修饰时；?You?can?take?any?seat?that?is?free.?(4)?当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。?It?is?the?first?foreign?book?that?I?have?ever?seen.?This?is?the?most?beautiful?flower?that?I?have?seen.?(5)?在there?be句型中，常用that.?There?is?a?man?that?lives?in?that?village.?(6)?先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：?????The?boy?and?the?dog?that?are?in?the?picture?are?very?lovely.?B.?以下情况用which.?(1)???当关系词前面有介词时，指物常用which.?The?prize?for?which?he?worked?so?hard?was?a?new?bike.?He?built?a?telescope?through?which?he?could?