心脏基础解剖__培训课件.ppt

心脏瓣膜（半月瓣） 肺动脉瓣：连接RV与PA 主动脉瓣：连接LV 与 AO Pulmonic Valve Aortic Valve 收缩期瓣膜 舒张期瓣膜 心脏瓣膜在心动周期中的作用 心传导系 定义： 特殊心肌细胞 自律性、传导性 概述 由特殊分化的心肌细胞构成，产生和传导冲动，节律性控制心脏活动。 心肌层 心 壁 心肌的起止、走行 心壁结构 心外膜 最外层Outermost layer 薄层，浆膜Thin, serous membrane 心肌层Myocardium 中层Middle layer 工作心肌Working muscle of heart 心内膜Endocardium 最内层Innermost layer Lines myocardium 心包Pericardium 心包腔Pericardial Sac 内含少量浆膜液Small amount of liquid 心 包 纤维心包 浆膜心包 心包腔 心包横窦 心包斜窦 心的血管 左冠状动脉 右冠状动脉 右缘支 后室间支 房室结支 左前降支 左回旋支 右冠状动脉 (RCA) 供应血液至: 右心房 右心室 左室的后壁和下壁 (如为右室优势型) 左前降支 (LAD) 供应血液至左室的: 前壁 侧壁 心尖部 室间隔 左回旋支 (LCx) 供应血液至: 左心房 左心室 侧壁 后壁 下壁 (左室优势型) 壁冠状动脉（心肌桥） 冠状动脉的壁内分支 冠状静脉 心的神经 心的听诊区 心的体表投影 心的体表投影在左胸前壁第五肋间隙锁骨中线内侧1-2cm处，故在此处可看到或摸到心尖搏动。 心脏heart位于胸腔的纵隔内，膈肌中心腱的上方，夹在两侧胸膜囊之间。 The heart is suspended within the thorax by arteries and veins. Two thirds of the heart is located to the left of the mid-sternal line while one third lies to the right of the sternum. The base is located at the 2nd-3rd intercostal space while the apex is located at the 5th intercostal space. The base is tilted backwards (posterior), while the apex is tilted forward (anterior). Due to forward tilt - PMI (point of maximal impulse) is located at the apex. “Right and left” references the patient’s right or left side. RA receives unoxygenated blood from the body through superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC), and from the heart muscle through the coronary sinus (CS) LA receives oxygenated blood from the lungs though the pulmonary veins The triangle of Koch has become vitally important in performing transcatheter ablations. Koch’s triangle is defined posteriorly by the os of the coronary sinus. The apex of the triangle is defined anteriorly by the His bundle. The tendon of Todaro and the tricuspid valve annulus comprise the other two sides of the triangle. Fast pathway along Tendon of Todaro, Slow pathway along tricuspid valve annulus The pulmonary veins return the arterialized blood from the lungs to the