三级考前语法精要.doc

二、定语从句 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句 功能 作用 用于限定性定语从句或非限定性定语从句 只用于限定性从句 代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主语 who which that 宾语 whom which that 定语 Whose (=of whom) Whose (=of which) 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 He is a man who ( / that) means what he says. The people whom ( / that) you met in the campus yesterday are from England. The book which ( / that) you are reading is written by a contemporary American novelist. The bicycle the brake of which was damaged has now been repaired. 2) 关系代词的省略 作直接宾语时可以省略 The man (whom) you saw just now is our manager. Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 在“there + be”结构的从句中做主语的关系代词可以省略 This is the only bus (that) there is to that park. 【注意】关系代词放在介词后作宾语时，不能省略。但介词位于句尾时，关系代词可以省略。This is the girl with whom he worked. (whom 不可省) This is the girl (whom) he worked with. 3) 如果关系代词紧跟在介词后面，不能用who 或that, 只能用which 或whom This is the question about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks. The people with whom he worked thought was a bit strange. 4) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? All that can be done has been done. There is little that can be believed about it. 5) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any , only, few , much , no , some , very等词修饰，引导限制性定语从句常用关系词that It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen. This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 6）在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，作宾语用的代词也不能省略 The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.　　 There are thirty students in the class, the majority of whom are from the city. 7) as可用表语， 同such, the same 连用， 引导限定性定语从句；as也可单独使用，引导非限定性定语从句，相当于which The town is about the same distance from Nanjing as Yangzhou is. The question is very difficult, as (/ which) indeed it is. 2. 关系副词引导定语从句 关系副词也可以引导定语从句，并在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因等，关系副词 意思相当于“介词+which结构”。 关系副词 被替代的先行词 在从句中的作用 When(= at, in on, during, which ) 表示时间