专英vocabulary.doc

nucleophilic center nucleophiles electrophilic center electrophiles Organometallic compounds Carbonyl Molecule Ion cation Anoin Acyclic Alkane Numerical prefixes 1 Mono 11 Undeca 21 Henicosa 53 Tripentaconta 2 Di 12 Dodeca 22 Docosa 54 Tetrapentaconta 3 Tri 13 Trideca 23 Tricosa 55 Pentapentaconta 4 Tetra 14 Tetradeca 30 Triaconta 56 Hexapentaconta 5 Penta 15 Pentadeca 31 Hentriaconta 57 Heptapentaconta 6 Hexa 16 Hexadeca 35 Pentatriaconta 60 Hexaconta 7 Hepta 17 Heptadeca 40 Tetraconta 70 Heptaconta 8 Octa 18 Octadeca 48 Octatetraconta 80 Octaconta 9 Nona 19 Nonadeca 50 Pentaconta 90 Nonaconta Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Hexane Cycloalkane Alkene Alkyne Alkyl halides fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine “fluoro,” “chloro,” “bromo,” “iodo” Haloalkanes Ethers tetrahydrofuran (THF) Alcohols Aldehyde Ketones carboxyl group (-COOH) carboxylic acids dicarboxylic acid amino acid Anhydride Amides Nitriles heterocyclic molecule pyridine’, ‘pyrrole’, ‘thiophene Aromatic hydrocarbons ortho (o), meta (m), and para (p). electrondeficient atom Reactive intermediates free radicals Carbenes sp-hybridized sp2-hybridized sp3-hybridized addition elimination substitution condensation rearrangement, isomerization oxidation-reduction Stereochemistry Isomer constitutional, configurational, conformational isomer enantiomer stereoisomers, diastereomers and enantiomers clockwise counterclockwise Cycloalkanes Qualitative analysis quantitative analysis precipitation, extraction, and distillation color, odor, or melting point light absorption, fluorescence, or conductivity chromatography or electrophoresis Calibration Primary Standard Grade Analytical Reagent (A.R.) Grade Guaranteed Reagent (G.R.) Grade Organic reagents (O.R.) Grade Chemically Pure (C.P.) Grade Technical Grade accuracy and precision percent relative error standard deviation absolute standard deviation relative standard deviation percent relative standard deviation Gravimetry method Volatilizati