初三复习语法专题1（十大词类）.docxVIP

初三英语语法专题复习（一）---十大词类十大词类意义例词1名词 (n.)表示人或事物的名称people, fruit, tennis2代词 (pron.)代替名词，及名词短语或句子I, we, you, he, she, they, this3冠词 (art.)位于名词前，说明名词a, an, the4动词 (V.)动作或状态be, do, have, like5形容词 (adj.)主要用来修饰名词happy, beautiful, busy6副词 (adv.)主要用来修饰动词even, always, only, too7介词 (prep.)表示名词与其它词间关系in, on, under, by, at8连词 (conj.)连接词与词；短语与短语；句与句and, or, but, because9数词 (num.)表示数量或顺序six, one, first10感叹词 (interj.)表示说话情感hello, well, oh考点直击一、名词（nouns）：1、分专有名词和普通名词。专有名词指人名、地名等。首字母大写，如：China；English；Tom等。2、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。(1)可数名词有_________和_________两种形式。名词的复数部分变化规则如下：① 可数名词规则变化：（过关！！！）类别构成方法例词一般情况加—sbook--books以s, x, ch, sh结尾名词加—esclass—classes；box—boxes; watch—watches；dish--dishes辅音字母+y 结尾的名词y改i再加—esfamily—families; party--partiesO结尾的名词加—sradio(s); piano(s); zoo(s); photo (s); zero(s)等加—eshero--heroes；tomato(es); potato(es)以f/fe 结尾的名词加—sroof---roofs改f/fe为v再加—esthief--thieves; wife--wives; leaf--leaves; knife—knives; wolf—wolves; life--lives② 可数名词不规则变化：（背诵！！！）man_______; woman__________; foot__________; tooth___________; child____________mouse____________; sheep____________; Chinese___________; Japanese__________；Englishman__________; Frenchwoman________ America___________; German__________(中日不变，英法变，其余s加后面)(2) 不可数名词：不可数名词的计量形式：数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词。 如：a bottle of water -----two bottles of water3. 集体名词： 指整体时，视为单数; 指整体中的个体时，视为复数。 例：family(家庭，家人)--Her family _____(be) watching movie now. Her family _____(be) full of laughing.4. 名词所有格：表示名词与名词之间的所属关系类别构成方法例词有生命名词单数加—‘s Lily’s father ; his daughter有生命名词复数S结尾 加’the doctors’ office; my grandparents’ house不以s结尾加’sChildren’s Day无生命名词利用ofthe map of China (China’s map)实战演练：1. It’s my _______ schoolbag. He left it there just now. A．brother B. brother’s C. brothers’2. –Whose ______are there? ----I think they are John’s.A. keyB. keies C.keys (14永州) 3. There are many expensive _____ in the shop. (2014怀化) A. watch B. watches C. watchs. 4. Are there any ______ in your school? A. German B. Germans C. Germen （