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Automobile Drive Line An automobile drive line is designed to transfer torque from an engine to an set of drive wheels. The usual system includes a coupling that joins the engine to the drive system, a transmission, a driveshaft, a geared differential, universal joints that connect the driveshaft to the transmission and differential, and two axles that drive the rear wheels. rear 后面的，后方的 汽车传动系的设计是用来把发动机产生的转矩传送到驱动车轮。通常这套系统包括一个用来连接发动机和驱动系统的装置，变述箱，传动轴，齿轮差速器把传动轴连接到变速箱和差速器的万向节和两根用来驱动后轮的半轴。 The transmission is used to vary the ratio of crankshaft turns to driveshaft turns in order to obtain satisfactory power, acceleration, and fuel economy under alf conditions of load. It also makes it possible to reverse the direction of rotation of the driveshaft so that the vehicle can be driven in reverse. vary 改变；变化 ratio 比率 变速器是用来改变曲轴与传动轴之间的传动比以便在任何载荷的情况下都能获得令人满意的功率，加速度及燃油经济性。它同样也使政变传动轴的转向成为可能，从而使汽车可以实现倒行。 Both manually operated (standard) transmissions and automatic transmissions are currently in use. Three-speed and four-speed standard transmissions are available, as are two-speed and three-speed automatic transmtssions. manually 手动的 手动（标准配置）变速器和自动变速器当前都有使用。不仅可选用3速和4速标准手动变速器，而且也可选用2速和3速自动变速器。 Friction clutches couple engines to standard transmissions, and fluid couplings -- nearfy always the torque converter type - are used with automatic units. 摩擦式离合器联结发动机与手（标准配置）变速器，液力耦台器（但多数是液力变矩器）则用于自动变速器。 The driveshaft connects the transmission to the differential, and the differential drives the rear axles. The differential provides a fixed ratio of driveshaft turns to rear axfe turns. Thus, it has much to do with the performance, and operating economy of a vehicle. Fixed 固定的 传动轴连接变速器与差速器，差速器驱动后轴转动。差速器提供一个固定的传动轴与驱动轴之间的传动比。因此，它与车辆的性能和操作经济性大有关系。 A few automobiles - both American and foreign – are equipped with front wheel drive systems. 一些汽车（美国及美国以外的）装备前轮驱动系统。 Gears Spur, helical, and hypoid gears and planetary gear sets are useed in automobile dr