初中英语语法三大从句汇总..doc

初中英语 一．简单句 英语基本句型-1 主系表结构：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。 系动词有: 1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand; 3.表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; eg: Our English teacher is thirty years old. The cake tastes delicious. The potatoes went bad in the fields. Deep water stays still. He was at work. She is in good health. It is beyond my ability. You are under arrest. ◎ 英语基本句型-2 主谓结构：本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。 如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。 如: 1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. They had to travel by air or boat. 3. She sat there alone. 4. He came back when we were eating. 5. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake。 英语基本句型-3 主谓宾结构:本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。 如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They haven’t decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 英语基本句型-4 双宾语结构：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。 如： He brings me cookies every day. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。 如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等； （需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。 英语基本句型-5 复合宾语结构: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语补足语用来补充和说明宾语的性质和特点，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。 如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. They made Tom monitor. He used to do his homework with his radio on. My mother asked me to clean my room. The teacher made all students finish their homework on time. 用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。 如： I found it very pleasant to be with your family. 也可以说