非谓语动词todo的用法小结..doc

非谓语动词不定式（to do）的用法小结 不定式的语法意义 不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可作主、宾、定、表、补和状语。 没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但有时态和语态的变化。 仍保留动词的特征，即可有自己的宾语和状语，和他们一起构成不定式短语。 II. 不定式的否定式 not to do III.不定式的时态和语态 一般式（to do/to be done）表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或发生在其后。 完成式（to have done/to have been done）表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前。 进行式（to be doing）表示动作谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生时正在发生。 完成进行式（to have been doing）表示在谓语动词的动作或状态发生之前开始进行的行为，到谓语动作发生时，可能停止，也可能会持续下去。 IV．不定式的功能 作主语： to do可直接作主语，表示 特指一个具体动作。 eg.To swim in that river is very dangerous. To study English well isn’teasy. (2) 用it作为形式主语，而把真正的不定式主语放到句中。常见的有6种。 It is +adj+ to do sth. eg.It is nice not to be dependent onothers. It is +adj+for sb to do sth. eg.It is not hard for one to do a bit of good It is +adj+of sb to do sth. eg. It is silly of you to believe him. = You are silly to believe him. It is +noun+to do sth. eg.It was not his habit to ask people for things. It+动词（+宾语）+ to do sth. eg.It took me a year to finish writing the book. It is+介词短语+to do sth. eg.It is beyond my power to answer this question. 2.作表语：to do作表语很普遍，多数情况下可换作主语 eg.Her job is to teach us maths. To teach us maths is her job. 3.作宾语：to do作宾语直接跟在vt 动词后面。这些vt 动词的口诀是： 答保要打假希期，（14） 设宣申负愿花力。（7） 提安同学准声敢，（7） 偏威三决拒恳企。（8） 依照本口诀可写出下列36个vt 动词。 promise答应，consent答应，guarantee保证，pledge保证，demand、ask要求，aim/mean打算pretend、profess假装wish、hope希望expect、desire期望 manage设法，swear宣誓，apply申请undertake负责，care愿意，can afford(花、买)得起， endeavour力图 offer提供，arrange安排，agree同意，learn学习，prepare准备，claim声称，dare敢 choose偏要、宁愿，threaten威胁，determine、resolve、decide决定 ，refuse拒绝，beg恳求 ，seek企图或用“UBRT-wolf-head-maps”口诀。 eg. I want to buy a car. They wish to see you. 注意：有些vt用to do 和doing作宾语意义区别不大，但在下列情况有别 (1)begin、start只用to do be beginning/starting to do begin/start+认知动词 eg.She was beginning to work on her novel that summer. He began to realize that he was wrong. (2)remember/forget/regret+ to do(未做) remember/forget/regret+doing(已做) eg.I remembered returning his money. try to do(努力做) try doing(试着 4．作定语：to do 作定语与修饰的名词出