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《人教版高一化学必修一第四章4-1硅第一课时《人教版高一化学必修一第四章4-1硅第一课时《人教版高一化学必修一第四章4-1硅第一课时
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硅的化合物约占地壳质量的
90%
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现象:
振荡时间长时可溶解
固体量减少
最外层4个电子,既不易失去也不易得到电子,主要通过共用电子对形成四价的化合物。
原子结构
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在自然界中有大量游离态的碳,但却没有游离态的硅,为什么?
硅是一种亲氧元素!
在自然界中它总是与氧结合,
主要以熔点很高的氧化物及硅酸盐的形式存在。
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硅的广泛存在
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一、硅单质
1、存在:硅有晶体硅和无定形硅两种。
2、物理性质:晶体硅的结构类似于金刚石,熔点(1410℃)和沸点都很高,硬度大。
3、化学性质:
常温下硅单质的化学性质不活泼
导电性介于导体和绝缘体之间。
Si + O2 === SiO2
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4、制法
SiO2 + 2C === Si + 2CO↑
高温
工业上用此反应制备粗硅,这就是“从沙滩到用户”!
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