单片机控制的交通灯毕业论文..docx

兰 州 交 通 大 学 继 续 教 育 学 院毕 业 设 计（论文）专业（班级）：13机电一体化题 目 ：单片机控制的交通灯指导教师：学生姓名：高鹏丽学号：指导老师：二O 一五年三月七日第1页共24页目录引言1.1选题目的及意义········································ 21.2交通灯发展概况········································ 22.系统总体方案·············································· 3 2.1 系统框图·············································· 4 2.2计时控制方案·········································· 4 2.3 显示控制方案·········································· 43.硬件部分·················································· 4 3.1硬件组成·············································· 4 3.2单片机简介············································ 5 3.3 8051单片机引脚········································ 7 3.4 8051单片机复位方式···································· 8 3.5 LED显示工作原理······································· 8 3.6 硬件电路设计·········································· 10 3.7 系统硬件电路设计应用环境······························ 114.软件设计·················································· 12 4.1 定时器的初值计算······································ 12 4.2 相应程序代码·········································· 135.系统调试·················································· 22结束语······················································ 23致谢························································ 24参考文献···················································· 24第2页共24页1. 引言1.1 选题目的及意义随着全球城市化进程的加快，机动车的使用数量也越来越多，造成了城市交通上的各种问题，如何控制好城市的交通已经成为一个全球化的问题。简单的十字路口交通灯已经不能适应车流量日益增大的城市交通。交通控制系统使近现代社会随着物流、出行等交通发展产生的一套独特的公共管理系统。要保证高效安全的交通秩序，除了制定一系列的交通规则之外，还必须通过一定的技术手段加以实现。交通网络是城市的动脉，象征着一个城市的工业文明水平。现在各大中城市交通建设已经初具规模，而部分小城市建设日益加快，交通控制的提高势在必行，开发更高级的交通控制系统时分有必要。交通控制研究的发展，旨在解决人类交通因需求的增多而日益繁重带来的问题，局限于道路建设的暂时不足和交通工具的快速增长，就要使更多的车辆安全高效的利用有限的道路资源，避免因无序和抢行等无控制原因造成的不必要阻塞甚至瘫痪，另外，针对整个交通线路车辆的多少实时调整和转移多余线路的分流也十分必要。单片微型计算机（Single Chip Microcomputer）简称单片机。它是把组成微型计算机的各功能部件：中央处理器CUP、随机存取存储器RAM、只读存储器ROM、I/O接口电路、定时器/计数器以及串行接口等部件制作在一块集成芯片中，构成一个完整的微型计算机。利用单片机作为中心控制器，不但能使设计简化，还可以直接与PC机连接通信，实现产品的智能化。在我国，单片机已广泛地应用在工业自动化