New Imperialism.DOCVIP

New Imperialism: 20th Century Textbook, Duiker, pgs. 25-61, Chapter 2-3 Victorian Age: 1850-1914 Queen Victoria ruled for 64 years. She died in 1904. The Age ended with WWI. Duty to country, to family, religious values (Christian), competitive capitalism (dog-eat-dog world) The emphasis was on the differences between people: class, race, gender, wealth Governments enforced legal discrimination (racial and gender) lived in separate spheres (white/black, male/female) Queen Victoria was opposed to women’s suffrage (voting) European Women: Not allowed college degrees, only allowed to be teachers, nurses, factory work, textiles, clothing, domestic servant; women belonged the their fathers then to their husbands; few rights (if any) European Men: Men could get a professional education (doctor, lawyer, professional) or factory work, construction, iron, steel, heavy machinery, railroads; or military. Industrialization: So many new inventions since the Industrial Revolution: plumbing, central heating, gas, electric, vacuum cleaners, washing machine, cars, steamships, railroads, radio, airplanes, new dyes, chemicals, science, technology, industry, agriculture, transportation, communication, military weapons; Ex: Copper needed for new electric wiring. Rubber needed for waterproofing tires. Germany became the leader in chemicals, dyes, synthetic fertilizers, ammonia, nitrates, explosives (nitroglycerin) Steel was now cheap and abundant to make bridges, railroads, ships (instead of wood), tin cans-- but steel required massive amounts of coal, iron ore, limestone, and other raw materials Engineers making new inventions: fuel-efficient engines to gigantic architecture (Eiffel Tower, skyscrapers, dept. stores). These inventions required MORE raw materials/goods Importing goods was now cheaper than making goods at home. Railroads and steamships dropped the cost of freight by 50-95% Europe imported wheat from USA, salt from India, tea and silk from China, spices from Indo