定语从句专项详解巧练定.doc

定语从句专项详解巧练 定语从句的概念：在复合句中，用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对先行词起修饰限定作用。 e.g. He is the man who I want to see. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 定语从句的引导词： 定语从句的引导词有关系代词that, which, who (whom, whose)和关系副词where, when, why两种，关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又在定语从句中充当一定成分。 关系代词引导的定语从句： 如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who (whom, whose) 和that。 e.g. This is Xiao Wang who / that gave us a talk yesterday. (who / that在从句中作主语) 这就是昨天给我们作报告的小王。 The man whom / that you saw last week has left the town. (whom / that在从句中作宾语) 上周你看见的那个人已离开了城镇。 I know the woman whose husband is a doctor. (whose在从句中作定语) 我认识的那个妇女，她的丈夫是个医生。 如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词时，则用which或that。 e.g. Guilin is a city which / that has a history of 2000 years. (which / that在从句子中作主语) 桂林是座具有2000年历史的城市。 The mooncakes which / that mother cooked taste nice. (which / that在从句中作宾语) 妈妈做的月饼很好吃。 关系代词引导定语从句应该注意的几个方面： 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。 e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English well. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很好。 The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow. 3年级的学生明天去爬山。 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，往往可以省略。 e.g. Mrs. Smith (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 你昨天碰见的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。 This is the book (which) you are looking for. 这是那本你正在找的书。 There are some films (that) I’d like to see. 有几部电影我想去看。 口语中作为宾语的关系代词whom也可用who，且也可以省略。 e.g. The man (whom / who) you were talking about has come to our school. 你们刚才在谈论的那个人已经来到我们学校。 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词可以放在whom, which之前（不可放在that之前） Page 3 e.g. The man (whom) I borrowed the book from is Li Lei. → The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei. 我借书的那个人是李雷。 The house (which) he lives in is quite large. → The house in which he lives is quite large. 他住的房子很大。 应注意，如果介词位于关系代词之前，关系代词不可省略，另外，若定语从句中谓语动词是固定搭配的词组，则其后的介词或副词不可前移至关系代词之前。 e.g. The dictionary which you are looking for is on the desk. 你在寻找的那本词典在桌子上。 The sick man whom she is taking care of is her farther. 她在照顾