(Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, 610074, China)(Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, 610074, China).doc

Does “Glass Ceiling” or “Sticky Floor” Affects Female Graduates Born in the 1980s? Yuanfa Tan (Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, 610074, China) Abstract: Based on the data of the “survey of Chinese graduates applying for jobs and their work skills” in 2007 and 2008 in Shandong province, this paper uses the method proposed by Melly (2006) to decompose gender pay gap among graduates Born in the 1980s across the wage distribution controlling their work skills. The findings show male graduates s by the six months after graduation earn 9 to19 percent more than female graduates, the gender pay gap increases across the wage distribution, and the increase is greater at the upper quintiles. This paper firstly regards this as the evidence of the “glass ceiling” instead of “sticky floor” affecting female graduates Born in the 1980s.Quantile decomposition further indicates more than 90 percent of the gap are attributed to gender discrimination, work skills account for most of endowment effect. In addition, both education quality and learning by doing are significantly and positively associated with work skills. Keywords: Gender discrimination; Glass ceiling effect; Sticky floor effect; Work skills JEL Classification: J15, J16, J71 作者简介：谭远发，男，西南财经大学E-mail: tanyuanfa@ “80后”女大学生面临“玻璃天花板效应” 与“粘胶地板效应”？ 摘要：本文基于2007和2008年度“中国大学毕业生求职与工作能力调查”的山东省数据，采用Melly(2006)倡导的Quantile分解方法，在控制工作能力后对“80后”大学生的性别工资差异及分布进行了研究。结果显示，“80后”男大学生毕业半年后的月工资高于女生约9%～19%，而且这种差距随着条件工资排序的升高而呈扩大趋势。“80后”女大学生面临“玻璃天花板效应”而非“粘胶地板效应”。Quantile分解还，工资差异的绝大部分(90%左右)可归结于性别歧视工作能力对禀赋效应具有很强的解释力。此外，教育质量和“干中学”对大学生工作能力有显著的提升作用。 关键词：性别歧视；玻璃天花板效应；粘胶地板效应；工作能力 一、引言 “玻璃天花板效应”(Glass Ceiling Effect)最初用于描述女性试图晋升到企业或组织高层所面临的障碍，而最近广泛用于描述工资差异或不平等。它是指在工资分布的顶端存在更大的工资差异，即在高收入组，女性比男性工资低很多。与之相反，在工资分布的底端，女性较男性低很多，则被称为“粘胶地板效应”(Sticky Floor Effect)(Booth et al,2003; Arulampalam et al, 2007; Chi and Li,2007;Bosio,2009)。 众多研究表明，“玻璃天花板效应”和“粘胶地板效应”在许多国家的不同群体或部门中存在。国际工会联盟(International Trade Union Confederation)于2008年发布的全球性