2013年11月24日托福阅读真题解析2013年11月24日托福阅读真题解析.doc

2013年11月24日托福阅读真题解析 第一篇：主要讲worker mobility的。 解析：本篇内容主要分析了不同地区mobility的不同原因。属于托福阅读典型的现象因果类的文章，本文的梳理重点为结合不同地区的特点，整理mobility不同的原因。 What Is Labor Mobility? Labor mobility refers to the ease with which laborers are able to move around within an economy and between different economies. It is an important factor in the study of economics because it looks at how labor, one of the major factors of production, affects growth and production. There are two primary types of labor mobility: geographic and occupational. Geographic mobility refers to a workers ability to work in a particular physical location, while occupational mobility refers to a workers ability to change job types. For example, a worker moving from the United States to France involves the concept of geographic mobility. An automobile mechanic who changes jobs to become an airline pilot involves the concept of occupational mobility. (For related reading, see Get A Finance Job Overseas.) Why Does Geographic Mobility Matter? From a policy-makers perspective, geographic mobility can have important implications on the economy of a particular country. This is because easing immigration requirements can do several things: Increase the supply of labor. As more workers enter the economy, the general labor supply increases. An increase in labor supply accompanied by a static labor demand can decrease wage rates. Increase unemployment. Unless employers demand more workers, an increase in labor supply could lead to a glut in labor. This means that more workers are available than jobs. (For more on this, see Surveying The Employment Report.) Increase productivity. Not all laborers added to the labor supply will be unskilled. An influx in laborers can increase productivity if they bring specialized skills to the workplace, although they might push out existing employees who are less productive. (For related reading, see Economic Indicators: Employee Cost Index (ECI)) Obtaining geographic mobility is not a purely ec