2013年5月18日托福阅读考题解析2013年5月18日托福阅读考题解析.doc

2013年5月18日托福阅读考题解析 　　Passage 1　　1890’s之前，美国尚未经历City Beautiful Movement，除却极个别的Washington D.C，当时的城市规划最大的特点就是——no urban planning.?影响美国人民住址选定的几个因素主要为：economics，preference to live individually, etc.当时的两大特点为：1.随着移民风潮（migration）和大量农村人口涌入城市，城市对于住房的要求开始增长；2.大量城市人口（urbanites）考虑到城市居住诸多隐患，迁移乡村。主要的城市居住弊端为，大量建筑材料易燃、楼距太近、城市明火使用导致火灾频发；排水系统不完善，进而啮齿类动物传播疾病，危及居民健康。总而言之，当时的城市规划相当不完善，没有统一的政府监管，基础设施建设相当落后。　　解析：本篇文章典型的历史类文章，讲城市的发展。重点讲了当时人们居住生活的特点，影响人们居住模式的因素，该居住模式带来的影响三大方面的内容。相关内容大家参照以下文章内容理解。　　Rise of Industrial America　　Between 1880 and 1900, cities in the United States grew at a dramatic rate. Owing most of their population growth to the expansion of industry, U.S. cities grew by about 15 million people in the two decades before 1900. Many of those who helped account for the population growth of cities were immigrants arriving from around the world. A steady stream of people from rural America also migrated to the cities during this period. Between 1880 and 1890, almost 40 percent of the townships in the United States lost population because of migration.　　Industrial expansion and population growth radically changed the face of the nations cities. Noise, traffic jams, slums, air pollution, and sanitation and health problems became commonplace. Mass transit, in the form of trolleys, cable cars, and subways, was built, and skyscrapers began to dominate city skylines. New communities, known as suburbs, began to be built just beyond the city. Commuters, those who lived in the suburbs and traveled in and out of the city for work, began to increase in number.　　Many of those who resided in the city lived in rental apartments or tenement housing. Neighborhoods, especially for immigrant populations, were often the center of community life. In the enclave neighborhoods, many immigrant groups attempted to hold onto and practice precious customs and traditions. Even today, many neighborhoods or sections of some of the great cities in the United States reflect those ethnic heritages.　　Du