关于研究桁架受力的一些讨论.docx

江西师范大学2014届本科毕业论文关于研究桁架受力的一些讨论Some discussion about the truss stress院系名称：物理与通信电子学院学生姓名：徐斌 学生学号：1007021067 专 业：物理学（师范类） 指导老师：胡利云 完成时间：2013年4月 摘要 桁架是由若干直杆组成的一般具有三角形区格的平面或空间承重构件。在荷载作用下，桁架杆件主要承受轴向压力或拉力，从而能充分利用材料的强度，在跨度较大时可比实腹梁节省材料，减轻自重和增大刚度，故适用于较大跨度的承重结构（如屋架，支撑桁架，楼盖桁架梁、桥梁、吊车桥架）及高耸结构（如输电线路塔、无线电塔、卫星发射塔）。其他如水工闸门，起重机架也可采用桁架。缺点是制造时耗费劳动量和结构本身占用建筑空间较大。 桁架按力学性能分为静定桁架和超静定桁架，在房屋建筑中一般用静定桁架。按受力特征分为平面桁架和空间桁架，前者为杆件和荷载处于同一平面内，后者可以不在同一平面内。按所用材料分为钢桁架、钢筋混凝土桁架、预应力混凝土桁架、木桁架以及钢与木组合桁架和钢与混凝土组合桁架。按桁架外形分为三角形桁架、梯形桁架、平行弦桁架、多边形桁架。按所采用的腹杆形式分为斜腹杆桁架和无斜腹杆桁架即空腹桁架。AbstractTruss is composed of several rods generally has the triangle area of plane or space bearing component. Under loads, the truss rods mainly bear axial stress or strain, which can make full use of the strength of the material, the span is larger than the plain girder to save material, reduce weight and increase the stiffness of the bearing structure of reason is suitable for large span (such as roof, support truss, floor truss beam, Bridges, crane bridge) and tall structures (such as tower of transmission line tower, radio, satellite towers). Other such as hydraulic gate hoist frame and truss can be applied. Manufacturing is weakness of labor and the structure itself takes up space. Truss according to the mechanical properties of divided into statically determinate truss and statically indeterminate truss, general use statically determinate truss in housing construction. According to the mechanical characteristics are divided into plane truss and spatial truss, the former for bar and load in the same plane, the latter can not in the same plane. According to the materials used are divided into steel truss, reinforced concrete truss, prestressed concrete truss, wood truss and steel/wood composite truss and steel and concrete composite truss. According to the truss shape is divided into a triangle truss, trapezoid truss, parallel chord truss, polygon truss. The diagonal form adopted by the divided ob