写作方法之平行结构.doc

大学英语四级写作方法：语态的隐含意义 　　Parallel Structure 　　平行结构 　　相似的思想应用相似的形式表达出来。句子的成份相近，则也应以相似的形式出现。请注意以下标有NO的句子是不规范的。 　　No: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, then comes to a stop. 　　Yes: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, and came to a stop. 　　(并列时态) 　　No: I don’t know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and a bore. 　　Yes: I don’t know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and boring. 　　(形容词平行结构) 　　No: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and elephant. 　　Yes: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and an elephant. 　　(不定冠词的平行结构) 　　No: I debated whether I should give the beggar money or to offer him food. 　　Yes: I debated whether to give the beggar money or to offer him food. 　　(不定式的平行结构) 　　No: They would lie on the battlefield for hours and sometimes days. 　　Yes: They would lie on the battlefield for hours and sometimes for days. 　　(介词平行结构) 　　No: Michael’s vacuum cleaner squealed loudly, shook violently, and dust filled the air. 　　Yes: Michael’s vacuum cleaner squealed loudly, shook violently, and filled the air with dust. 　　(并列谓语) 　　No: The mechanic explained the problem, method, and the tools that he was going to use. 　　Yes: The mechanic explained the problem, method, and tools that he was going to use. 　　(并列带有定冠词the的名词) 　　No: He retired respected by his associates, admired by his friends, and his employees loved him. 　　Yes: He retired respected by his associates, admired by his friends, and loved by his employees. 　　(并列被动语态) 　　No: As a young man he had been to Shanghai, fighting in the Anti-Japanese War, and following the Nationalist Party to Chongking. 　　Yes: As a young man he had been to Shanghai, had fought in the Anti-Japanese War and had followed the Nationalist Party to Chongking. 　　(并列过去完成时) 　　No: Jane is pretty, with brown hair, and has a graceful manner. 　　Yes: Jane is pretty, brown-haired, and graceful. 　　(形容词平行结构) 　　No: He left the city because of his lack of success in business, the departure of his friends and because his health deterio