化工专业英语复习资料.doc

fundamental principles基本原evaporation蒸发 black body黑体 empty space 真空区 concentration浓缩 visible light可见光 heat exchanger换热器 fractionating column精馏柱/塔 volatilities挥发性 tray塔板 supernate上清液 azeotropic distillation共沸蒸馏 supersaturated过饱和的 silver chloride氯化银 ionic reaction离子反应 pharmaceutical制药的 batch operation间歇操作 Freeze-drying冷冻干燥 Separation process分离过程 crystallization结晶 Fcondensation 冷凝 thermodynamics 热力学的 liquefaction 液化 copper 铜 separation 分离 laminar flow 湍流 convection 对流 conduction 传导 phonon vibration 声子振动 condensation冷凝 thermodynamics processes热力学过程 elastic impact弹性碰撞 thermal energy热能 buoyancy forces 浮力 1. Heat conduction is directly analogous to diffusion of particles into a fluid, in the situation where there are no fluid currents. This type of heat diffusion differs from mass diffusion in behavior, only in as much as it can occur in solids, whereas mass diffusion is mostly limited to fluids. 2. In steady state conduction, the amount of heat entering a section is equal to amount of heat coming out. In this conduction, all the laws of direct current electrical conduction can be applied to “heat currents”. In such cases, it is possible to take “thermal resistances as the analog to electrical resistances. Temperature plays the role of voltage and heat transferred is the analog of electrical current. 3.Conduction is the transfer of heat by direct contact of particles of matter. The transfer of energy could be primarily by elastic impact as in fluids or by free electron diffusion as predominant in metals or phonon vibration as predominant in insulators. In other words, heat is transferred by conduction when adjacent atoms vibrate against one another, or as electrons move from atom to atom. Conduction is greater in solids, where atoms are in constant contact. In liquids (except liquid metals) and gases, the molecules are usually further apart, giving a lower chance of molecules colliding and passing on thermal energy. 4、Fractional distillation is one of the unit ope