大气复习资料(含答案).doc

大气复习资料 概念解释 Globe warming: Global warming is the increase in the average measured temperature of the Earths near-surface air and oceans since the mid-twentieth century, and its projected continuation. Temperature inversions：A temperature inversions is a thin layer of the atmosphere where the decrease in temperature with height is much less than normal (or in extreme cases, the temperature increases with height). ESP: Electrostatic precipitator, which is like a gravity setter or centrifugal separator, but electrostatic force drives the particles to the wall. HEPA: High Efficiency Particulate Air Lean bum ：Lean burn refers to the use of lean mixtures in an internal combustion engine .The air-fuel can be as high as 65:1 ,so the mixture has considerably less fuel in comparison to the stoichiometric combustion ratio (14.7 for petrol , for example ). Plume rise: the plume rising a distance △h above the top of the stack before leveling out. Wet scrubber: A device that collects particles by contacting the dirty gas stream with liquid drops. Photochemical smog： Thermal NO: Thermal NOx refers to NOx formed through high temperature oxidation of the diatomic nitrogen found in combustion air. A/F ratio: Air to fuel ratio for auto engines. PM2.5:particle with the aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 um, which is also called Respirable Particles. Alternative fuel: Several other fuels except of conventional gasoline and diesel, which have been used for many years in slighutly modified automobile engines, for reasons of cost and availability. VOCs: Volatile organic compounds are those organic liquids or solids whose room temperature vapor pressure are greater than about 0.01 psia(=0.0007atm) and whose atmospheric boiling points are up to about 500℉, which means most organic compounds with less than 12 carbon atoms. SCR and SNCR:6NO+4NH3→5N2+6H2O, 4NO+4NH3+O2→4N2+6H2O 2NO2+4NH3→3N2+6H2O. These reactions can be carried out over a variety of catalysts, the temperature is between 1600℉an