生态型服务与可持续发展综述中英文对照生态型服务与可持续发展综述中英文对照.doc

生态型服务与可持续发展综述中英文对照 Ecological service and sustainable development in Chinese and English language compared 摘 要：近年来人们发现服务业对环境也存在很多不利的影响，所以，一个新的概念由此提出，即生态型服务。主要介绍生态型服务的概念和内涵，在分析传统服务对环境负作用的基础上，系统研究生态型服务对可持续发展的贡献，以及其中所包含的反弹效应。 Pick to: in recent years, it was found that service industry also exists many adverse effects to the environment, therefore, a new concept which is put forward, namely ecological services. Mainly introduces the concept and connotation of ecological services, on the basis of analyzing the traditional service negative effect to the environment, ecological service system research contribution to the sustainable development, as well as the rebound effect contained in it. 　　关键词：生态型服务 产品服务系统 反弹效应。 Key words: ecological service product service system rebound effect. 　　1 生态型服务的内涵。 1, the connotation of ecological services. 　　20 世纪 90 年代，西方学者提出经济生态效率服务理论，强调资源使用效率，满足人类需求和生活质量的同时，减少生态环境的影响。Hockert （1999）、Schrader （1999）、Meijkamp（2002）将生态型服务分成三类，（1）产品服务，即通过对已出售的产品提供附加的服务，以达到延长产品使用的寿命的目的，包括保养、升级和回收等。（2）使用服务，即企业不再通过出售产品实体，而只出售产品使用权而形成的服务，如共享、联用和租赁等。（3）结果服务，即企业不向消费者出售产品，消费者既不购买、拥有，也不使用产品，而是通过企业提供服务，确保消费者达到满足需要的结果。我国学者李伍荣（2007）认为生态型服务有以下几个特点：（1）基于物质产品而产生。生态型服务是与产品相关联的， 或补充或替代产品， 而且是动态意义上的。（2）利用产品功能而产生。生态型服务中所涉及的销售不同于传统的销售，它是产品功能的销售。（3）有利于生态环境而产生。发展生态型服务的目的就是为了减轻服务业对环境发展的压力，减少人类生活对生态环境的影响。（4）为满足消费者需要而产生。生态型服务能为消费者带来高增加值，如较低的成本。相对于一次性购买产品和服务，生态型服务的成本整体较低。 In the 1990 s, western scholars put forward economic ecological efficiency theory, emphasizes the resources use efficiency, satisfy human needs and the quality of life at the same time, reduce the influence of ecological environment. Hockert (1999) and Schrader (1999), Meijkamp ecological services (2002) be classified into three categories, (1) products and services, namely, through to the sold products provide additional services, in order to achieve the purpose of prolonging the life of the product use, maintenance, upgrade, and recycling, etc. (2) use the service, the enterprise no longer sell