《现在完成时态》要点.ppt

Present Perfect Tense Present perfect tense 现在完成时 构成: 用法一： 现在完成时用来表示已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果和现在有联系，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。例如： eg: I have lost my wedding ring. 我丢了我的结婚戒指（这一动作虽然发生在过去，但影响持续到现在，其结果是我现在没有结婚戒指了） I have sent him a Christmas card. He has just bought a new house. 现在完成时和一般过去式的区别： 1） 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。表示纯粹的过去，与现在没有联系。而现在完成时强调过去的动作与现在的关系。对现在产生的结果，影响等。 I have lost my bag. (现在还没找到) I lost my bag. (丢了钱包，现在是否找到，不知道) Mrs. Smith lived in Beijing for seven years. (史密斯太太已不再住在北京) Mrs. Smith has lived in Beijing for seven years. (史密斯太太还住在北京) 1.都表示过去发生的事 2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用； 3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ） 2）现在完成时与现在有联系，过去时表示的过去时间的经历，与现在没有联系。 所以如果动作发生在特定的过去时间，如last night, yesterday, three days ago, just now, in 1998等则不能用现在完成时，必须用一般过去时。试比较： The film has been on ten minutes ago. (╳) The film began ten minutes ago. (√) The film has been on for ten minutes. (√) 3) 询问某事过去发生的具体时间，具体地点时必须用一般过去时， When did you lose your luggage? Where did they leave for? eg.1. He had his breakfast at 6:00 He has had his breakfast. 2. When did you come here? I watched the football match on TV at 9:00. Exercises 1. I ________(have) lunch already. 2. Has the train_______ (arrive), yet? 3.Tome ____ never_______ (be to ) China. 4. The twin ______just _____(see) my father. 5. The twins ____(see) my father just now. 6. Many tall buildings ____________(build) in the past 5 years. 现在完成时与一般现在时的区别： 1. 一般现在时和现在完成时都可以与often, always, seldom, never等副词连用，但意义不同。现在完成时强调一段特定时间里反复发生的情况，而一般现在时强调一般情况，说明主语的特征。试比较： eg: He has always helped us （到目前为止） He always helps us. (一贯如此) I have seldom watched cartoons these days.(这几天的情况) I seldom watch cartoons. （一贯如此） Adverbs of time already ever yet never just these days recently in the past ten years lately in the last two years for