[专题：带电粒子在匀强电场中的运动-课件.ppt

* 带电粒子 在匀强电场中的运动 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3、某些带电体是否考虑重力，要根据题目暗示或运动状态来判定 电场中的带电粒子一般可分为两类： 1、带电的基本粒子：如电子，质子，α粒子，正负离子等。这些粒子所受重力和电场力相比小得多，除非有说明或明确的暗示以外，一般都不考虑重力。（但并不能忽略质量）。 2、带电微粒：如带电小球、液滴、尘埃等。除非有说明或明确的暗示以外，一般都考虑重力。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 带电粒子在匀强电场中 运动情况： 受到恒定的电场力 受力情况： 做匀变速运动 F=Eq F=ma Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 一、带电粒子的加速 如图所示，在真空中有一对平行金属板，两板间加以电压U。两板间有一带正电荷q的带电粒子。它在电场力的作用下，由静止开始从正极板向负极板运动，到达负板时的速度有多大？(不考虑粒子的重力） q U m + _ 带电粒子的加速 d 用牛顿运动定律分析 用动能定理分析 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. q U m + _ 带电粒子的加速 d 1、受力分析: 水平向右的电场力 F＝Eq=qU/d F 2、运动分析: 初速度为零向右匀加速直线运动。 解法一　运用运动学知识求解 解法二　运用能量知识求解 粒子加速后的速度只与加速电压有关 a=F/m=qU/md Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 由于电场力做功与场强是否匀强无关，与运动路径也无关，第二种方法仍适用！所以在处理电场对带电粒子的加速问题时，一般都是利用动能定理进行处理。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose