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教育类 作用和目的 Throughout the nation and history, it has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity and preparing new generations of citizens in society. Life skills—logical thinking, analysis, creative problem solving Education should aim at improvement of both one’s morals and faculties. We should want all students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of a country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality and the freedom to practice one’s faith.道德教育 Economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure 大学生压力 The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. 人文教育的意义 Liberal art teaches you how to think, how to read, write, and speak intelligently, get along with others, and conceptualize problems. 人文教育的意义 He was being so stuffed with an indigestible mass of material that he has no time to draw on his own resources, to use his own mind for analyzing and synthesizing, and evaluating this material填鸭式教育的缺点 鼓励质疑权威 1. 培根认为知识就是力量,反对中世纪经院哲学对人们思想的禁锢,鼓励人们推倒偶像,2. 笛卡儿认为要清除由传统得来的偏见,办法就是怀疑,提出我思故我在3. 哥白尼日星说Bacon advocated the idea of testing the authority in order to gain real knowledge. Cause knowledge acquires certain skepticism to whatever we study even since the dawn of our civilization. Human beings have paid tribute to Copernicus for the first step he took in ignoring established boundaries and challenge long-standing assumption of astronomy for publishing his Heliocentric conjecture that the earth and other planets revolves around the sun. Same thought have also preoccupied Descartes who considered holding little suspicions to the wholly spread religions