合作原则与礼貌原则.doc

The Application of the Cooperative Principle and the Politeness Principle in Conversation Ma Lixia Class 4, Grade 2007 English Department Abstract: To accomplish the communication efficiently and successfully, people usually follow some certain principles in conversation. In making conversation, the participants must first of all be willing to cooperate; otherwise, it would not be possible for them to carry on the talk. Grice named this principle as the Cooperative Principle. However, the Cooperative Principle alone cannot fully explain how people talk: it explains how conversational implicature is given rise, but it does not tell us why people do not say directly what they mean. The Politeness Principle that Leech has developed can explain some phenomenon from a different perspective that the Cooperative Principle cannot. The Cooperative Principle and the Politeness Principle are important contents of pragmatic. In this paper the writer makes a systematic exposition of what are the Cooperative Principle and the Politeness Principle and how they are applied and interact with each other in people’s conversations. Key words: cooperative principle, politeness principle, maxim, violation, conversational implicature 合作原则和礼貌原则在会话中的应用 外语系英语专业 2007级 4 班 马利霞 摘要:为了更有效更成功地完成交流活动，在会话中，人们通常会遵循一些特定的准则。进行对话，参与者必须首先有意愿去合作，否则，会话将难以进行下去。Grice将这个准则叫做合作原则(Cooperative Principle)。然而，仅合作原则却并不能完全解释人们是如何进行会话的。它解释了会话含义是如何产生的，却并没有告诉我们为什么人们总是不直接说出他们想要表达的意思。Leech提出的礼貌原则能够从另一个不同的角度解释合作原则所不能解释的现象。合作原则和礼貌原则是应用学中的重要内容。在这篇文章中，作者对什么事合作原则和礼貌原则，它们如何被应用在人们的会话当中，以及它们之间是如何地相互作用等做全面的阐述。 关键词: 合作原则；礼貌原则；准则；违反；会话含义 1. Introduction Pragmatics is a relatively new subject in linguistics. It deals with how utterances have meanings in situations. Studying pragmatics is very important. It enables us to understand what the nature of language itself is and how language is used in communication. In order to creat an effective conversation, people do follow some principles during their conversation