DeviationinStyle例析.ppt

Deviation in Style 变异说：Style is deviation from the norm. 实现层（语音层）——语音变异 （书写层）——书写变异 形式层（词汇层）——词汇变异，方言变异，语域变异，历史时代变异 （语法层）——语法变异，语域变异， 语义层——语义变异，语用变异，语篇变异 1、Phonological deviation 诗歌语言中的非重读音节的省略（elision 元音省略，aphesis 首字母省略，apocope 尾音消失）或者添加的现象（expansion）. And heavily from woe to woe tell o’er _Shakespeare elision But came the waves and washed it away _Spenser expansion Ba’luster, bas’tard, ‘July. 词的重音位置转移，属于语音变异 Omission 1) Aphesis the omission of an initial part of a word 2)Syncope the omission of a medial part of a word 3)mispronunciation and sub-standard pronunciation special pronunciation: rhyming 词的读音为了押韵发生变化 wind读成动词的读音waind 2、Graphological deviation 一种是指发音的变异在书写上的体现，另一种是指在排版、斜体、粗体、大写、标点及打印等方面的变异。 误拼词 We know eggsactly how to sell eggs. Easier Dusting by a stre-e-tch. Seeker of truth Follow no path All path lead where Truth is here 没有标点如逗号和大小写，并且在排列上最后一句与前面有一空行。 3、Lexical deviation Lexical deviation in literature refers almost exclusively to neologisms or the coinage of new words. (1) 新造词（neologism） bionics 仿生学 skateboard 滑板 mobile phone 手机 e-commerce 电子商务 弥尔顿的pandemonium 魔窟 莎士比亚的bare-faced 无耻的 (2) 临时造词（nonce formation) In coining new words, it may be said that the literary writer is not so much breaking rules of word-formation as extending the rules. In the coinage of new words, the literary writer usually extends three major rules of word-formation: affixation, compounding and conversion. 2.3.1 Affixation ???? Affixation is the addition of a prefix or suffix to an item which already exists in the language. The following lines contain some typical examples of words coined by extension of this rule: (1)There was a balconyful of gentlemen. (Chesterton) ?(2) We left the town refreshed and rehatted . (Fotherhill) 后缀- ful 经常与bowl ,basket ,spoon 等表示容器的名词连用,表示“满??. 的”,此处与balcony 连用,生动形象地描绘出“阳台好像容器一样挤满了人”这样一幅画面。英语是形合型语言,对词汇的形态变化有严格的要求,为了使表达更形象生动,直接在名词后添加形容词词尾,使描述更具物象感,也起