（精）翻译技巧 (博士生).ppt

2002-3-9 Prepared by Orchard Zhan Translation Skills 翻译的“三步曲” 1．分析结构； 2．确定词义； 3．检查核对。 英汉语言对比 英语句子结构复杂，多长句；汉语多短句。例： Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.(38 words) 皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。 It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians, who equate their activity with specific techniques. (30 words) 它同样适用于传统历史学家和社会科学历史学家，前者将历史仅仅看作是对历史材料来源的内部和外部的批评，后者把历史研究活动等同于具体的研究方法。 Rocket research has confirmed a strange fact which had already been suspected there is a “high temperature belt” in the atmosphere, with its center roughly thirty miles above the ground. (30 words) A：用火箭进行研究已证实了人们早就有过怀疑的大气层的一个中心在距地面30英里高空的“高温带”的这种奇怪的事实。 B：人们早就怀疑，大气层中有一个“高温带”，其中心在距地面30英里的高空。利用火箭进行研究后，这一奇异的事实已得到证实。 Captured documents which we have obtained from individuals who had been infiltrated through this corridor plus prison-of-war reports that we have obtained in recent months led us to believe that the volume of infiltration has expanded substantially. (37 words) 我们经由这个走廊渗透进来的人身上缴获的文件，加上近几个月从战俘那里得到的口供，使我们相信渗透的规模确实扩大了很多。 英语多用被动，汉语多用主动。 英语使用被动的情况有： 不知道行为者是谁或不必要说明行为者是谁。 The book has already been translated into many languages. 对行为对象比对行为者更感兴趣。 The work must be finished before Christmas. 为了某种缘故不愿说明行为者是谁。 It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 为了连贯上下文及安排上的需要。 They are going to build an apartment house here next year. It is going to be built beside the office building. 例： In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization —with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed – was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade