【2007考复习专题句子成分+句型+从句.docVIP

第三节 句子概述 句子的特征：句子是含有主语和谓语的有一定意义的一组词。 句子必须具有完整的意义、一定的句型结构和一定的语调。 句子末尾必须有句子结束的标志：包括句号“.”（不是“。”）问号“?”或感叹号“!” 句子开头的第一个字母必须大写。（专有名词在任何位置都大写） 完整句子之间不用逗号间隔。并列句用连词连接两个（或以上）句子，用逗号也必须加连词，或用“;”分开；复合句中名词性从句的主句和从句之间不用逗号；非限制性定语从句用逗号分开，限制性定语从句不用；状语从句中从句在主句前，一般用逗号分开，从句在后，一般不用标点符号。 句子成分 英语中句子有七种句子成分： 主语（subject）是句子中所要说的人或事物，是句子的主要成分，不可缺少，位于句首。 The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing. (名词作主语) He sent me an E-mail last Friday. (代词作主语) It is a rule for my mother to go shopping on Sundays. (不定式短语作主语) Reading the texts aloud is especially important for Senior Three students. (动名词短语作主语) What the teacher said is very funny. (从句作主语) 谓语是说明主语的动作或状态，是句子的主要成分，不可缺少，在主语之后。 They said nothing, looking coldly at the teacher in charge of the class. (及物动词作谓语) Classes begin at seven today, we must get up quickly. (不及物动词作谓语) We don’t have classes at weekends after reducing learning load. (助动词 + 动词作谓语) I was really anxious. You shouldn’t have left without a word. (情态动词 + 动词作谓语) The leaves have turned yellow in autumn. (联系动词 + 表语作谓语) 表语用在联系动词的后面，表示主语的身份、性质和特征，位于联系动词之后。 Walt Disney was a famous cartoon-maker. （名词作表语） The days in summer are getting hotter and hotter these years. (形容词作表语) The computer in the room is hers. (代词作表语) My greatest wish is to enter Qinghua University. (不定式短语作表语) Her job is looking after the babies. （动名词短语作表语） The audience was moved by the moving play. (分词作表语) This is what I want to say. (从句作表语) 4、 宾语是及物动词涉及的对象，介词后面的对象也是宾语，称为介词宾语。宾语在及物动词或介词后面。 John doesn’t like football but he likes music very much. （名词作宾语） We’ve worked out a plan. But I’m uncertain whether it will do in practice. （名词作介词的宾语） Tom is a kind man. He is always ready to help others. （代词作宾语） Stop reading and read after me, please. (动名词作宾语) I succeeded in persuading the teacher to give me a day off. (动名词短语作介词的宾语) Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the room. (不定式短语作宾语) The doctor did what he could to save the dying patient. (从句作宾语) 定语修饰或限制名词或代词。单词