Xian [Reciprocity](Gen Below Dui Above )..ppt

Xian [Reciprocity] (Gen Below Dui Above ) 釋卦名 「咸」是感，無心之感，咸既是感義，何以不說感，是重在去「心」，以象徵無心的感應。 有「心」的「感」字出現較無心的「咸」字晚，在《詩經》中只出現一次： 〈召南．野有死麕〉 野有死麕，白茅包之。有女懷春，吉士誘之。 林有朴樕，野有死鹿。白茅純束，有女如玉。 舒而脫脫兮！無感我帨兮！無使尨也吠！ 釋卦名 在〈召南．野有死麕〉中出現的「感」，〈毛傳〉釋為動，也同撼；相當於碰觸、觸摸，這是個外部動作。可見從文字學方面看，最初尚未將感當作一種心理活動的體驗，直到在咸之下加上心，以別於無心之感，「感」才明確為一種心理活動。 故「咸」是無心之感，「感」是有心之感 ；所謂「無心」是無人心而有道心，「有心」是有人心而無道心。道心是先天真心、自然而然、不待造作、動機純正，人心是後天假意而有我有私，〈召南．野有死麕〉曰：「舒而脫脫兮！無感我帨兮！」即戒以人心不正之道感應，感應之道在於自然而然之道心。 卦辭Judgment 咸亨，利貞，取女吉。 Reciprocity is such that prevalence is had. It is fitting to practice constancy here. To marry a woman means good fortune. 彖辭Commentary On The Judgments 〈彖〉曰：咸，感也。柔上而剛下，二氣感應以相與，止而說，男下女，是以亨，利貞，取女吉也。天地感而萬物化生，聖人感人心而天下和平，觀其所感，而天地萬物之情可見矣。 Reciprocity is a matter of stimulation. Here the soft and yielding is below. The two kinds of material force stimulate and respond and so join together. The one is passive, and the other joyous. The male takes a place below the female, and this is how “prevalence is had,” how “it is fitting to practice constancy,” and how “prevalence is had,” how “to marry a woman means good fortune.” It is by the mutual stimulation of Heaven and Earth that the myriad things are created. It is by the sage stimulating the hearts and minds of men that the entire world finds peace. If we observe how things are stimulated, the innate tendencies [qing] of Heaven and Earth and all the myriad things can be seen. 釋彖辭Commentary On The Judgments 〈彖〉辭則又另以乾坤生六子說以及陰陽學說說明感通正道。 咸卦上艮下澤，艮為少男、澤為少女，少男少女相感進而相處即是自然而然。故從初爻至上爻爻辭可知少男為主導，少男與少女相互接觸交互感應到生發愛情，最後是身體接觸的一個完整過程。 男屬陽主動、女屬陰主靜， 萬物負陰而抱陽，故觀男女相感之道，則可廣而推及於天地萬物相感之情狀，故〈彖〉曰：「二氣感應以相與」、「觀其所感，而天地萬物之情可見矣」。 象辭Commentary On The Image 〈象〉曰：山上有澤，咸；君子以虛受人。 The Lake is above the Mountain: this constitutes the image of Reciprocity. In the same way, the noble man receives others with self-effacement . 釋象辭Commentary On The Image 咸卦上兌澤、下艮山，故為「山上有澤」之象。澤性潤下，土性受潤，所以澤水在山上，使得山得漸潤而草木欣榮，通徹普遍，上能受潤無所拒，最能生機感應，是二物之氣相通感之意。 爻辭-初六First Yang 咸其拇。 Reciprocity is in the big toe. 小象-初六