中国外来入侵害虫的危害及防治绪论.doc

中国外来入侵害虫的危害及防治 摘 要：随着21世纪全球变化的加剧，全球国际贸易、旅游和交通迅速发展，为外来物种远距离的迁移和入侵、传播与扩散到新的生境中创造了条件，大陆间外来物种的交换与迁移随之加快，外来有害生物入侵的危险性也日益增加从而使得外来有害生物的入侵成为不同大陆生态系统间生物与生态安全的严重威胁。防范外来生物入侵成为全球21世纪农业可持续发展面临的共同问题。中国是农业大国，也是一个自然与生物灾害频繁多变的国家。外来有害生物的入侵已严重影响我国的经济安全、生态安全、社会安全与国家利益，对我国农、林、牧、渔、水产及养殖业发展造成严重的经济损失；破坏农业、林业、草原、草场、湿地、河流、岛屿和自然保护区等各种生态系统，导致严重的生态灾难，危及野生生物资源；污染公共卫生，对人民群众身心健康构成巨大的威胁。揭示外来有害物种的入侵机制与生态过程，明晰对生态系统的影响以及系统响应机制，是发展和创新外来入侵物种预防预警、监测检测、控制管理新技术的理论基础。本文将介绍中国外来有害昆虫入侵的现状、发生与发展趋势以及新入侵物种安全性评估的基础上，剖析外来有害生物成功入侵的因素以及评估生物入侵的经济、生态与社会影响。在介绍中国生物入侵研究体系的基础上，提出中国应对生物入侵的挑战的防控技术的发展建议；在总结现阶段中国生物入侵在基础理论与防控技术等方面的研究进展的基础上，提出创新防控技术的发展与国际合作的需求。 关键词：物种入侵 中国 危害 防治 Abstract: With the intensification of the 21st century, global change, global international trade, tourism and transport rapid development of long-distance migration and species invasion, dissemination and spread to new habitats created the conditions for the exchange and migration between the mainland with alien species the accelerated invasion of alien species is also increasing the risk of allowing the invasion of exotic pests between different continents become a serious threat to ecosystems, biological and ecological security.China is a large agricultural country, is a natural and biological disaster-prone countries varied.Exotic pest invasion has seriously affected Chinas economic security, ecological security, social security and national interests, farming, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, aquaculture and the aquaculture industry in China caused serious economic losses; the destruction of agriculture, forestry, grasslands, grassland ecosystems, wetlands, rivers, islands and nature reserves, leading to serious ecological disaster, endangering wildlife resources; pollution on public health, physical and mental health of people pose a huge threat.Reveal the mechanism by alien invasive species and ecological processes, clear impact on ecosystems and response mechanism system is the development of innovative and invasive alien species preve