生物技术专业英语翻译..doc

Lesson 1 DNA CLONING: AN OVERVIEW 第一课 克隆：概要 DNA cloning：DNA doning facilitates the isolation and manipulation of fragments of an organisms genome by replicating them independently as part of an autonomous vector. DNA克隆：DNA克隆通过独立复制可以用分离和操作方法使生物体基因组片段成为自发性载体的一部分。 Hosts and vectors: Most of the routine manipulations involved in gene cloning use Escherichia coli as the host organism. Plasmids and bacteriophages may be used as cloning vectors in E. coli. Vectors based on plasmids, viruses and whole chromosomes have been used to carry foreign genes into other prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. 宿主和载体：大多数的基因克隆使用的常规操作，以大肠杆菌为宿主生物体。质粒和噬菌体可作为大肠杆菌的克隆载体。以质粒、病毒和整条染色体为载体，将外源基因导入其他原核和真核生物。 Subcloning: Subcloning is the simple transfer of a cloned fragment of DNA from one vector to another; it serves to illustrate many of the routine techniques involved in gene cloning. 亚克隆：克隆是克隆的DNA片段从一个载体到另一个载体的简单传递；它可以用来说明基因克隆中的许多常规技术。 DNA libraries : DNA libraries, consisting of sets of random cloned fragments of either genomic or cDNA, each in a separate vector molecule, are used in the isolation of unknown genes. 基因库：基因库，由两组随机克隆片段组成，无论是基因组还是基因，每一个在一个单独的载体分子中，都被用来分离未知的基因。 Screening libraries: Libraries are screened for the presence of a gene sequence by hybridization with a sequence derived from its protein product or a related gene, or through the screening of the protein products of the cloned fragments. 筛选库：通过与来自其蛋白产物或相关基因的序列杂交，或者通过克隆片段的蛋白产物的筛选，筛选出一个基因序列的存在。 Analysis of a clone: Once identified, a cloned gene may be analyzed by restriction mapping, and ultimately by DNA sequencing, before being used in any of the diverse applications of DNA cloning. 克隆分析:在用于基因克隆的各种应用中之前，一旦发现某个克隆基因可以通过限制性图谱进行分析，则用这方法进行DNA序列测定。 DNA cloning: detailed molecular analysis of proteins or other constituents of most organisms was rendered difficult or impossible by their scarcity and the consequent difficulty of their purification in large quantities. One approach is to isolate the gene(s) responsible for the ex