Unit6Hypotacticvs.Paratactic解析.ppt

Unit 6 Hypotactic vs. Paratactic  (形合与意合) More Parataxis in Chinese and More Hypotaxis in English Some Paratactic Methods in English 3. Chinese Translation of Paratactic sentences in English 问答题： （1）刚性语言与柔性语言之间的差别是什么？举例说明英汉两种不同的语言特征。 ? 刚性语言句子结构完整，主谓必须一致，即形式必须接应（formal cohesion）, 例如： He has studied abroad for two years. 柔性语言句子结构灵活，更关注意念接应（semantic coherence）。例如： 一言既出，驷马难追。 A word once spoken cannot be overtaken even by a team of four horses --- what is said cannot be unsaid. Hypotaxis (形合) is the dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives; for example, I shall despair if you don’t come. Parataxis (意合) is the arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. Example: 1) The rain fell; the river flooded; the house was washed away. 2) I came, I saw, I conquered. 3) He worked hard, he was still poor. More conjunctions are used in English. e.g. If, although, because, when, in order that, so that … （1）The novel was so interesting that I read it several times. 译文1: 小说是如此有趣以至于我把它读了好几遍。 译文2：小说很有趣，我读了好几遍 。 Translationene：他转过身来看见我手里握着那根上面刻着玛丽·布朗的名字的旧钓鱼竿的时候 ......， 两个似以联合关系配列的汉句，常常隐含种种逻辑上的从属关系。两句间的逻辑关系并未因用连词，而趋于模糊；省略连词，表示一气呵成，更显畅洁。恰恰形成对照的是，相应的英语表达却必须变隐含为明示，在逻辑上理清主句与从句的关系，并使用适当的连词而构成形合句。 （2）远看山有色，近听水无声， 春去花还在；人来鸟不惊。  English Translation: When you look afar, the mountains are green and clear, （a） But no sound of stream is heard when listening near. （a） The flowers remain in full bloom when spring’s away, （b） A human being’s approach the bird doesn’t fray. （b） 1. More Parataxis in Chinese and More Hypotaxis in English 1.1 隐含“条件”从句的汉语意合句与英语形合句： （1）早知今日，何必当初。 If I had known it would come to this, I would have acted differently. （2）把小孩冻坏了，我们怎么向他的母亲交待？ If the child catches a chill, what are we going to say to its mother? 1.2 隐含“时间”从句的汉语意合句与英语形合