王昆嵩阅读笔记王昆嵩阅读笔记.doc

王昆松阅读笔记GRE阅读笔记 一．GRE阅读文章分类 1．.按题材分四类：humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, life sciences 重点题材：文学评论 美国历史 弱势群体 生命科学 文章特点：喜新厌旧 标新立异 同情弱者 2．按写作方法分两类：presentation, argumentation 重点是argumentation即评述一个理论的文章 ［例1］presentation的结构 Recently, the extinction of the dinosaur has been a mysterious phenomenon that puzzles scientists. Rosen’s three major findings have contributed much to the progress of explaining the dinosaur’s extinction. a) sedimentation b)fossil remains, skeleton c)isotope, chronology Therefore, …… ［例2］argumentation的结构 Traditionally, most scientists believed that the extinction of the dinosaur was caused by the impact on Earth of massive meteorites. However, no sign of the impact, such as huge pit, has been discovered. On the other hand, Smith found two things that had been overlooked by his predecessors. Thus, …… 3．按具体套路分类 长文章分四种：新老观点对比型、现象解释型、问题解决型、结论解释性 短文章分三种情况：可套用长文章套路的、有罗嗦语言的、无明显套路的 二．作题四原则 1．至少三遍原则 2．头脑空白原则 3．顺序原则：先文后题，先套路后细节 4．总结原则：每读完一个段落或一个层次要做如下四个方面总结 ① 作者在写法上做了什么工作 ② 主体词（关键词）是什么 ③ 作者对这个主体持什么评价 ④ 人物有谁 三．做笔记 1．机考做笔记 ① 主题句 ② 每段关键词 ③ 强对比和重要的强转折 2．笔考做记号 ① 强对比：unlike, contrast, on the other hand, on the contrary; 时间状语 ② 强转折 ① 两个“虽然”：although/though, while ① 三个“但是”：but, yet, however ① 四对同义词：(in fact, actually) (nevertheless, nonetheless) (despite, in spite of) (rather, instead) 实际上…… 然而…… 尽管……却…… 不是……而是…… 注意：极端转折、多重转折（再多重转折中，只看最后一重） ③ 强因果四个“因为”：because (of), since, for, 冒号或分号三个“所以”： thus, hence, therefore 两个家族：conclude, conclusion, conclusive, consequent(ly), consequence 四个短语：result in, result from, lead to, lie in ④ 三号：引号，括号，破折号 ⑤ 强调性语言 最高级：顺序最高级（first）频率最高级（always, never）程度最高级（foremost, uttermost） 唯一性：only, sole(ly), exclusive(ly), alone 比较句：more/less…than（与其……不如说……）, have…to do with…, as…as, the same as, similar to ⑥ 专有名词：人，物种，化学物质 ⑦ 判断句 系动词：be, remain 情态动词：can, cannot, may, might 自由褒贬词：adj., adv. ［例3］His view changed our attitude. His view successfully changed our attitude. H