英语陷阱1-7英语陷阱1-7.doc

英语陷阱(1)?He?is?a?bicycle?doctor.?他是单车修理工.?------------------------??此句不能译作:他是个骑单车的医生,因句中的doctor是委婉语(euphemism),是对某种职业的美称,故不作医生解,而是表示repair?man的涵义.委婉语起源于远古,维多利来女王时代中期为其鼎盛时期,在现代英语中,其出现频率依然颇高,因为人们通过委婉语,可以用温顺悦耳的词语去谈论或叙述一些原来令人不快或逆耳之事物.为此,他们用domestic?help,day?help或live-in?help代替mail或servant(佣人);?以custodian或superintendent替代doorkeeper,caretaker或janitor(看门人或管理人);用She?has?a?tile?loose或She?has?a?cylinder?missing去代替She?is?crazy或Sh?is?not?right?in?the?head(神经失常).??委婉语多如恒河沙数,不胜枚举,在此略举数例,以见一斑:??????????????????原????称??????????委?婉?语?无线电修理工????radio?electrician???radio?doctor?理发师??????????barber??????????????cosmotologist?妓女????????????whore???????????????working?girl/?street?girl?家庭妇女????????housewife???????????household?executive?收垃圾工人??????garbage?collector???sanitary?engineer?老年????????????old?age?????????????second?childhood?老人????????????old?people??????????senior?citizens?假牙????????????false?teeth?????????dentures?小解????????????piss????????????????urinate/?number?one??最后请看几个委婉类例:?Nowadays?many?weight-watchers?would?like?to?go?to?the?gym.?如今有不少胖人喜欢到健身房去锻炼.?That?luster?has?taken?a?fancy?to?Middle?Eastern?dancing.?那个好色之徒现在开始喜欢肚皮舞.?They?are?the?culturally?deprived.?他们是没有学识的人.?A?libray?of?teaching?materials?for?preventing?teenage?suicides?will?open?for?educators?in?Hong?Kong?this?year.?今年香港将为教师开设一家图书馆以提供防止青少年自杀的教学资料.????值得注意的是,委婉语虽然是古已有之,于今为烈,但决不能用得过多过滥.使用时要考虑场合和对象,如用得不得体,反而会使你欲礼而不达,甚至令人不知所云,一头雾水.?☆　You?can?find?doctors?and?doctors?in?HongKong！在香港，既有好医生，也有坏医生。?　这一句不能译作：“在香港，你能看到很多很多的医生”。　　英语和汉语一佯，词的重复（repetition）是一种修辞手段。一般说来，它表达强调语势，突出语义，以收到音调和谐、生动有力的修辞效果。例如：??Gentlemen?may?cry，Peace，Peace?-?but?there?is?no?peace.?老爷们尽管可以高呼和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。Scrooge?went?to?bed?again，and?thought?and?thought?and?thought?it?over?and?over.?斯克罗奇又上床睡觉，左思右想，想个不休。　　但是，在某些场合下，将某些词重复，并不是要收到突出语义的效果，而是为了表示“不同类型”的涵义。例如You?will?find?doctors?and?doctors?in?Hong?Kong．的语义就相当于You?can?find?bad?doctors?as?well?as?good?doctors?in?Hong?Kong.?该句的语义重点放在“也有坏医生”上。　　下面是两个类例：There?are?artist