虚拟语气100虚拟语气100.doc

第一章 虚拟语气一 知识归纳1. 虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用1) 三种形式条件从句中的动词 结果主句中的动词 示例与现在的事实相反 动词的过去式be动词一律用were would/could/might/should +动词原形 If I had time, I would attend your party.与过去的事实相反 had+过去分词 would/could/might/should +have +过去分词 You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turn, you wouldn’t have got so tired.与将来的事实相反 should+动词原形were to+动词原形 would/could/might/should +动词原形 If it were to snow /should snow tomorrow, we should take photos.2) 虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时, 可把if省略,而把were, had, should放在主语前,用到装结构, 这种结构主要用于书面语中. 如:Were it necessary, I might resign.Had you informed me earlier, I would not have signed the contract.Should I have time, I would call on herShould it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace3) 错综时间条件句在这种条件句中,虚拟条件主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式, 如:If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night. (现在---过去)If they had started in the early morning, they would arrive in half an hour(过去---将来)If you had asked him when you saw him last time, you would know what to do now. (过去---现在)4) 含蓄条件句有些句子中, 没有任何表示虚拟语气的词,短语或从句,但仍要用虚拟语气. 这时,要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分, 要么隐含在上下文之中. 如:I would do anything for her (if I could)We would have made a lot of money (but we gave up halfway)Without electricity life would be quite different today. (If there were no electricity)5) 用介词代替条件状语从句, 常见的介词有with , without, but for 如:What would you do with a million dollars (if you had a million dollars?)We would not have finished the word on time without your help (=if you had not helped us)But for the rain, (if it had not been for the rain,) we would have finished the work2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气1) wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气与现在事实相反, 用were或动词的一般过去式;与过去事实相反, 用had+过去分词;表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would/could/might+动词原形,后的从句不能用should.如:I wish she were here.I wish you would go with us tomorrowI wish she had taken my advice2) order, suggest, demand, insist, 等表示命令,要求, 建议的词后宾语从句的虚拟语气,形式为(should)+动词原形3. as if /as though 后有时用虚拟语气1) 从句所设想的时间与主句动作同时发生,从句动词用过去时(be用were)