语法-软件四级辅导.doc

被动语态： 被动语态常由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成. 被动语态可用于各种时态,但较常用的有下列十种: 现在一般时 Xiao Wang, you are wanted in the office. I am not so easily deceived. 2) 过去一般时 I was invited to the concert. Our house was built in 1998. 将来一般时 We hope that an agreement will be arrived at. This matter will be looked into in the future. 4) 过去将来一般时 He said that the bridge would be built next year. Another half-hour all doors would be locked. 5) 现在完成时 My car has been repaired. The party has been planned since the new year. 6) 过去完成时 The painting that hung over the sofa had been taken down for the summer. Jack looked at the lanterns that had been lighted and placed near the gate. 7) 将来完成时 The new books will have been entered in the register before another parcel arrives. (这些新书在下一批书到来前将登记完毕。) This class will have been taught by Mr. Brown for two yeas by next summer. 8) 过去将来完成时 The secretary said the article would have been translated by six o’clock. He said that the bridge would have been completed before July. 9) 现在进行时 This question is being discussed at the meeting. The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 10) 过去进行时 When I called, tea was being served. (我来拜访时，正值上茶之际。) With his fingers, he gently searched the mobile phone in his bag to be sure it wasn’t being crushed. (他用手指轻轻地摸找包里的手机，以肯定它没有被压坏。) 被动语态除常用be加过去分词构成外，还可用“get+过去分词结构”。这种结构多用在口语中，后面一般不接by短语。如： Hundreds of people get killed every year by traffic on the roads. 被动语态可含有情态动词，其结构是“情态动词+be+过去分词”。 如： What’s done cannot be undone. (覆水难收) Cross the road very carefully. Look both ways, or you might be knocked down. 不少短语动词相当于及物动词，所以这些短语动词也有被动语态。如： Many interesting experiments are carried out in our lab. Boxing was gone in for here in the early 1950’s. (20世纪50年代初期，这里拳击很盛行。) 被动语态的用法： 当我们不知道动作的执行者时。如： Printing was introduced into Europe from China. Look! There is nothing here. Everything has been taken away. 当我们不必要提出动作的执行者时。如： I was born in 1990. Such things are not done twice. 当我们强调或侧重动作的承受者时。如： She