[高三生物会考必修三4.ppt

* 学业水平测试·生物 必修3　稳态与环境 第四讲　种群和群落 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 本讲考纲概览 (1)种群的特征 (2)种群的数量变化 (3)群落的结构特征 (4)群落的演替 实验与探究能力 (5)探究培养液中酵母菌种群数量的变化 (6)土壤中动物类群丰富度的研究 (7)探究水族箱(或鱼缸)中群落的演替 学业水平测试要求 1.种群概念理解及其基本特征 2．种群密度调查方案的设计 3．影响种群密度的因素及种群数量的变化规则分析 4．种群数量的变化及建模方法和曲线图 5．群落的物种组成、种间关系、空间结构等的分析与判别 6．关注人类活动对种群数量变化和群落演替的影响 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 考点1　种群的特征 1．种群的概念及基本特征 概念：生活在______的______生物的______个体。 基本特征： 种群______：种群在单位面积或单位体积中的个体数。 ________率：单位时间里新出生的个体数目占该种群个体总数的比率。 __________率：单位时间内死亡的个体数目占该种群个体总数的比率。 ________率和迁出率：单位时间内迁入或迁出的个体，占该种群个体总数的比率，分别称为迁入率或迁出率。 ________组成：一个种群中各年龄期的个体数目的比例。可以预测种群密度的变化。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 易错提示：增长型的特点：幼多老少，出生率大于死亡率，种群密度呈增长趋势。 稳定型的特点：幼、老数目比例适中，出生率等于死亡率，种群密度稳定。 衰退型的特点：幼少老多，出生率小于死亡率，种群密度呈减少趋势。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET