[高中化学必修一.ppt

小结2：电解电极方程式的书写 阴极 不看材料，只看阳离子 Ag+ Fe3+ Cu2+ H+ Pb2+ Sn2+ Fe2+ Zn2+ H+＞ Al3+ Mg2+ Na+ Ca+ K+ 小结1： 电解池的阴阳极判断方法.（串并连电路中？） 注意：电解总反应不等于两电极反应简单相加 因水不能拆！ Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1、铜的电解精炼 硫酸铜溶液 粗铜（ 含Zn Ni Fe Ag、Au ） 纯铜 阳极： Cu—2e— = Cu2+ 阴极： Cu2++ 2e— = Cu 杂质比铜活泼的Zn、Fe等： Zn— 2e— = Zn2+ Fe — 2e— = Fe2+ 活泼性在铜之后的银、金等，不能失去电子，它们以单质的形式留在溶液中，成为阳极泥。 电解质溶液硫酸铜的浓度? 四、电解原理的应用 阳极减少的质量和阴极增加的质量? Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、电镀 1、定义： 利用电解原理在某些金属的表面镀上一薄层其它金属或是合金的过程。 2、装置 铜 镀件 硫酸铜溶液 阳极： Cu—2e— = Cu2+ 阴极： Cu2++ 2e— = Cu 4、电镀的结果: 电镀液的组成及酸碱性保持不变 3、电镀材料的选择： 阴极——镀件 电镀液——含有镀层金属离子的溶液 阳极——镀层金属 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. －工业上制取烧碱、氯气和氢气。 3 氯碱工业 阳极：2Cl--2e- =Cl2↑ 阴极：2H++2e- =H2↑ 2NaCl+2H2O=2NaOH+H2↑+Cl2↑ 通电 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 4 、活泼金属的制备 特别活泼的金属钠、镁、铝等只能通过电解的方法制取 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 第四单元 太阳能、生物质能和氢能的利用 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Lt