血液透析机的基本结构学案.ppt

血液透析机的基本结构 血液透析流程图 弥散 透析机常见报警与处理 动脉压 原因 血流量不足 动脉管受压卷曲 插管在血管内壁贴壁 穿刺位置不得当 静脉压  原因 静脉壶凝血 穿刺位置不得当 压力监测保护罩堵塞 血流量影响 跨膜压 原因 透析液管路卷曲 快速接头与透析器连接不紧 快速接头内橡胶电老化 滤器凝血 治疗参数的设定 气泡监测 原因 滤器排气不达标 静脉壶安装不正确 过低的静脉压 探测器灵敏度偏移 探测器损坏 温度报警 原因 温度探测器被杂质附着 供水不足或流量不稳 控温器损坏 电导度报警 原因 AB液不正确 AB吸液口漏气 干粉制剂混合不均匀有微量气泡 水压不稳定 电导度模块损坏，吸液泵速不稳 漏血报警 原因 滤器破膜 探测器内有碳酸钙沉淀 探测器内有大量气泡 探测器灵敏度偏移 血泵故障 泵门未复位 泵管扭曲 相对运动受阻 泵管尺寸与机器设置不一致 * * 血泵 抗凝剂 血液返回患者 血液来自患者 透析器 新鲜透析液 废弃的透析液 透析器–透析膜 血液 紅血球 脂肪 蛋白質 尿酸 尿素 肌肝 電解質 水 透析液 細菌 病毒 電解質 水 彌散作用 跨膜壓 Start: differentconcentrations End: equal concentrations onboth sides Diffusion: due to the random movementof all molecules (Brownian Movement) time SCREEN 2 The various steps of the T1 TEST green highlights the specific part of the test sequence T1 Test If an error occurs a x or number appears to inform you of the failure. The alarm occurs at the END of the test procedure 血泵 - Automated threading of pump segment - Delivery rate 15 - 600 ml/min (流量) - Inner tube diameter 2 - 10 mm (內徑) (in 0.2 mm steps) - Driven by a microprocessor controlled stepper motor - Including pressure measuring equipment - Exchangeable plug-in module Arterial pressure monitor connector Red Alarm Green, pump operational Door cover. When open pump stops Arrow up to increase pump speed Arrow down to decrease pump speed Blue On/Off key Magnetic door catch Press together to change lumen size e.g. 8.0mm 肝素泵 Anticoagulation: To prevent blood clotting in the extracorporeal blood circuit - Driven by a microprocessor controlled stepper motor - Time programmable (時間設定) - Bolus administration (劑量控制) - Delivery rate 0.1 - 10 ml/h (in 0.1 ml/h steps) (流量) - Exchangeable plug-in module - 20, 30 and 50 ml syringes (大小尺寸) - Warning message 10 min (警示) Arrow UP for RAISING the level in the chamber The DOOR for securing the chamber into the level detector VENOUS return Clamp automatically closes following any BLOOD alarm VENOUS pressure transducer port ULTRASONIC level detector