[初中必会-形容词介词可数不可数名词英语缩写.docx

形容词短语　形容词＋介词(短语)结构在中学英语课本中使用率较高。尽管构成这种结构的介词数 量有限，但让学生能熟练地掌握和运用它们还有一定的难度。那么，我们教师和学生能了解形容词+介词(短语)结构及其含义是很有必要的。为此，笔者把这 种结构做如下分述，供大家教学时参考。　一、形容词＋表示目的、原因、用途和意图等意义的介词for，to, after等。例如：　①Is this book fit for children?这本书适合儿童阅读吗？　②They are anxious for a change.他们渴望变换环境。　③His advice has been most useful to me.他的忠告一直对我有益。　这一类结构还有：famous for, sorry for(about), eager for (about), greedy for, bound for, unfit for等。　二、形容词＋表示原因、动机等意义的介词of, about等。例如：　①He is afraid of dogs.他害怕狗。　②We were proud of our great motherland.我们为我们的伟大祖国而感到自豪。　③He is fond of sweet food.他喜爱甜食。　④Her eyes were full of tears.她泪水盈眶。　这一类结构还有：empty of, short of, sure of(about), certain of(about), suspicious of, independent of等。　三、表示人的情绪、态度或身体感觉、状态意义的形容词＋介词with, at等。例如：　①I wasnt pleased with my exam results.我对自己的考试成绩不满意。　②His parents were very strict with him.他父母对他要求很严格。　③He was angry with himself for having made such a foolish mistake.他为犯了这样一个愚蠢的错误而生自己的气。　这一类结构还有：busy with, short with, delighted with(at), content with, satisfied with等。　四、形容词＋表示范围意义的介词at, in, on等。例如：　①Im interested in English.我对英语感兴趣。　②They are good at playing football.他们擅长踢足球。　这一类结构还有：active in, pale in, weak in, useful at, strict in等。　五、形容词＋表示距离、起源等意义的介词from。例如：　①American football is quite different from ordinary football.　②My home is far from the school.　这种结构有两种情况值得注意：　1.一个形容词与一个介词搭配，在不同的句子中表达的含义不同。例如：　A) full of充满的，丰富的，有许多的；(心里，脑际)满怀着，充满着　①This is a basket full of beautiful flowers.　②I stared at the big dog, full of fear.　B)short of缺少；未达到的；除……以外；只要没有……，只要不……　①The farm is short of man-power.这家农场缺少人力。　②We are still five miles short of our destination.我们离目的地还有五英里路。　③Short of lying, I will do what I can for you.除了说谎外，我愿尽力帮助你。　④Short of unexpected delay on their way, theyll arrive by tomorrow.只要路上没有意外的耽误，他们最迟将在明天到达。　2.由于习惯用法等的影响，往往同一个形容词与不同的介词搭配，所表达的含义相差不大。例如：　A)angry at sth.因……发怒(生气)　angry with sb.对……发怒(生气)　①He was angry at what I said.　②The teacher was very angry with me.　B) careful of注意　careful about小心；注意；讲究　①Weve been warned to be careful of SARS