[第二讲含而不露的隐喻metaphor.ppt

隐喻研究的新视角（1） Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 上世纪80年代中期，对隐喻的研究出现了一个新的视角，代 表人物是芝加哥大学的两位教授：George Lakoff和Mark Johnson。 他们认为，隐喻是“以此代彼”的手段（a means for representing something as if it were something else), 但是没有一个隐喻包括得了 它所试图描述的事物的全部事实。（No single metaphor can encompass the full reality of the subject it seeks to describe.)它必然能 阐明事物的某些方面，但同时也模糊了另一些方面（illuminating some aspects of a topic, also obscuring other aspects.)。威斯康星大 学的Douglas S. Diekema 同样指出，隐喻只能以牺牲某些方面为代 价来强调另一些方面（Metaphor can only highlight certain aspects at the cost of the others.) 这就是简单化（reductionism)带来的片面 性弊病。 问题是，人们很自然地通过隐喻的模式来认识和解释世界（ Metaphors become models for perceiving and interpreting the word)。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 英汉修辞对比研究第二讲含而不露的隐喻Metaphor Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 恐怖的汉语 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1. During a baseball game, a woman kept shouting threats at the umpire.. No matter what happened on the field, she continually yelled, “Kill the umpire!” This went on for an hour. “Lady,” another fan called out, “ the umpire hasn‘t done anything wrong.” “He‘s my husband,” she replied, “ Last night he came home with lipstick on his collar. Kill the umpire!” Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2. Frank, a friend of mine, often entertained clients at a local eatery, but he could never remember the name of the hostess, who always treated him wonderfully. One day, exasperated by his horrible recall, she said, “My name is Janet, and I‘m