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[英语词汇正误辨析5
词组 例句 ache
◆他胃痛。
误:His stomach is ached.
正:His stomach is aching.
析:ache 用作动词,是不及物动词,因此没有被动语态。
◆他经常头痛, 她经常胃痛。
误:He often gets headache and she often gets stomache.
正:He often gets headaches and she often gets stomaches.
析:ache 用作名词多用于复合词中:headache 头痛 / toothache 牙痛 / stomachache 胃痛 / backache 背痛 / earache 耳痛 等,在这些带有 -ache 的复合词中, headache 是一个规则的可数名词(可连用a, 也可有复数), 而其它的词则用作可数或不可数名均可(在美国英语中多为可数名词):He is suffering from toothache(s).(他患牙痛)。
achieve
◆他实现了他的目标——写一本书。
误:He reached his aim—to write a book.
正:He achieved his aim—to write a book.
析:表示“实现目标”,通常用 achieve an aim, 不用 reach。
◆车速达到了每小时100英里。
误:The car achieved a speed of 100 mph.
正:The car reached a speed of 100 mph.
析:achieve 一般与令人愉快的事(如:成功、成就等)连用, 不要受汉语影响滥用此词表示一般意义的“达到”, 但是我们可以说: On the test drive he achieved the speed of 200 mph.(在 驾驶测试中他开车的速度达到了每小时200英里-----因为在驾 驶测试中, 车速也是测试的项目之一)。
acknowledge
◆他们承认被打败了。
误:They acknowledged to be [to have been] defeated.
正:They acknowledged having been defeated.
正:They acknowledged that they were defeated.
析:acknowledge(承认)后可接动名词或 that从句,但一般不接不定式。
◆我承认你说的是真的。
误:I acknowledge your statement for true.
正:I acknowledge your statement as true.
正:I acknowledge your staetment to be true.
正:I acknowledge that your statement is true.
析:acknowledge sth 后通常可接 as 或 to be,但不能将其改为介词 for。
accommodation
◆这个城市的住房很贵。
误:An accommodation is expensive in this city.
正:Accommodation is expensive in this city.
正:Accommodations are expensive in this city.
析:accommodation 表示“住处”、“住宿”、“膳宿”等,在英国英语中是不可数名词,但在美国英语中通常用复数,一般不与不定冠词连用。如:This hospital has accommodation(s) for 500 patients.(这家医院有五百个床位)。They providegood accommodation(s).他们提供很好的膳宿服务。
accompany
◆他坚持要陪她去车站。
误:He insisted on accompanying her to go to the station.
正:He insisted on accompanying her to the station.
析:表示陪某人去某地,只说 accompany sb to a place即可,通常不说 accompany sb to do sth。
◆我陪你去。
误:I will accompany with you.
正:I will accompany you.
析:accompany(陪伴, 伴随)是及物动词,其后无需用介词。又如:Thunder accompanies lighting.(雷声伴着闪电)。但是, 用于被动语态的 accompany 后面可接介词
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