[英语语法术语解释.doc

英语语法术语解释 In How much do you think he earns? how much is ______ of the sentence. (TEM4, 2009) 　　A. the subject B. the adverbial　　C. the object √ D. the complement Which of the following sentences has an object complement? (TEM4, 2010) The directors appointed John manager. √ I gave Mary a Christmas present. You have done Peter a favor. She is teaching children English. In the sentence “It’s no use waiting for her”, the italicized phrase is . (TEM4, 2010) A. the object B. an adverbial C. a complement D. the subject √ 有关语法的很多题目，直接通过分析句子结构和成分就可以判断出选项， 或者排除很多干扰项，比如这个句子是否缺少成分，缺少什么成分，哪些选项能作这个成分。掌握好了句子结构，写作时就不会写出不合语法的句子了。 一、英语基本句型： 英语句子以动词为中心，动词按其结构主要分为联系动词，及物动词，不及物动词，根据这三类动词可熟练掌握英语句型结构及语法成分。 系动词 link verb 基本句型：Subject + Link Verb + Complement 即主+动+补 该动词分为四类 1）Be 型： be, am, is, are, was, were, been, 2）变化型：turn, become, get, grow 3）感官型：feel, sound, smell, look, taste, 4）似乎型：seem, appear, 此句型中系动词所带的补语，叫主语补语，即补充说明主语的，通常为名词短语（noun phrase），形容词短语（adjective phrase）。Be 型结构还可带介词短语（preposition phrase）, 副词短语（adverb phrase）, 代词（pronoun）, 名词从句（noun clause）等等。 Examples: The man is a teacher. Dinner is at six oclock. He looks fine. It sounds better. It seems true. 及物动词 transitive verb 基本句型：Subject + Transitive Verb + Object1 主+动+宾 Subject + Transitive Verb + Object1 + Object2 主+动+宾（间接）+宾（直接） Subject + Transitive Verb + Object + Complement 主+动+宾+补 第三类中的补语为宾语补语，即补充说明宾语的，除了名词，形容词，还有介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词等。 Examples: We made him our spokesman. They elected him president. I consider the problem fairly easy. The parents leave their son alone at home. She saw a boy kicking her dog. 不及物动词 intransitive verb 基本句型 Subject + Intransitive Verb 主+动 Examples: Iron rusts. Everyone laughed. 由此，基本句型可概括如下： 1. S + Vl + C 2. S + Vt + O 3. S + Vt + O1 + O2 4. S + Vt + O + C 5. S + V 还可增加两类 SVOA, SVA， 是在及物动词和不及物动词上演化而来的。 Subject + Transitive Verb + Object + Adverbial 主+动+宾+状 I put the material evidence in front of him. He treated her cruelly. Subject + Intransiti