[高二数学选修2-2~3导数的概念课件2.ppt

1.1.3导数的概念2 * 苏教高中数学选修2-2 * Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3①y=f(x)在点P(x0, y0)处的切线的斜率 复习提问 ② 注意： Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1.导数的概念 定义：设函数y=f (x)在点x0处及其附近有定义,当自变量x在点x0处有改变量Δx时函数有相应的改变量Δy=f(x0+ Δx)- f(x0).如果当Δx?0 时,Δy/Δx的极限存在,这个极限就叫做函数f (x)在点x0处的导数(或变化率)记作 即: 数学理论梳理 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 如瞬时速度就是位移函数s (t)对时间t的导数. 是函数f (x)在以x0与x0+Δx 为端点的区间[x0,x0+Δx](或[x0+Δx,x0])上的平均变化率,而导数则是函数f (x)在点x0 处的变化率,它反映了函数随自变量变化而变化的快慢程度． 如果函数y=f (x)在点x=x0存在导数,就说函数y= f (x)在点x0处可导,如果极限不存在,就说函数 f (x)在点x0处不可导. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 由导数的意义可知,求函数y=f(x)在点x0处的导数的基本方法是: Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、函数在一区间上的导数： 如果函数 f(x)在开区间 (a,b) 内每一点都可导,就说f(x)在开区间 (a,b)内可导.这时,对于开区间 (a,b)内每一个确定的值 x0,都对应着一个确定的导数 f /(x0),这样就在开区间(a,b)内构成了一个新的函数，我们把这一新函数叫做 f(x) 在开区间(a,b)内的导函数，简称为导数，记作 即 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. f ?(x0)与f ?(x)之间的关系： 1、y=f ’(x)是y=f(x)的导函数 注意： 2、f ’(x0)是y=f(x)在点x0处的导数值 也即f ’(x)在点x0处的函数值 （是一个函数） （是一个常数） Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 切线方程为 4.导数的几何意义 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 巩3设f(x)为