[第1章供应链管理导论供应链管理.ppt

Electronic Commerce 第一章 供应链管理导论Introduction to Supply Chain Management 供 应 链 管 理Supply Chain Management 传统的企业运作和管理模式 21世纪全球市场竞争的趋势 产品寿命周期越来越短 产品品种数飞速膨胀 对交货期的要求越来越高 对产品和服务的期望(个性化)越来越高 供应链管理思想的出现 供应链管理模式的产生与发展 “横向一体化”的管理思想，强调企业的核心竞争力 外包(Outsourcing)策略 合作性竞争 以顾客满意度为目标的服务化管理 追求物流、信息流、资金流、工作流、组织流的集成 借助信息技术实现目标管理 更加关注物流企业的参与，缩短物流周期比缩短制造周期更关键 总供应链管理成本（占收入的百分比）降低10%以上 中型企业的准时交货率提高15% 订单满足提前期缩短25-35% 中型企业的增值生产率提高10%以上 绩优企业资产运营业绩提高15-20% 中型企业的库存降低3%，绩优企业的库存降低15% 绩优企业在现金流周转周期上比一般企业保持40-65天的优势 What is Supply Chain?? The system of suppliers, manufacturers, transportation, distributors, and vendors that exists to transform raw materials to final products and supply those products to customers. That portion of the supply chain which comes after the manufacturing process is sometimes known as the distribution network. Logistics Network 供应链管理的定义 Supply Chain Management is a set of approaches utilized to efficiently integrate suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses and stores, so that merchandise is produced and distributed at the right quantities, to the right locations, and at the right time, in order to minimize systemwide costs while satisfying service level requirements. 供应链管理（SCM）是在满足服务水平需要的同时，为了使得系统成本最小而采用的把供应商、制造商、仓库和商店有效地结合成一体来生产商品，并把正确数量的商品在正确的时间配送到正确地点的一套方法。 Notice Who is involved? What is the goal? What level of activities are involved? What do we mean by integration? Who is involved? 供应链管理是将每一个物流设施列入考虑的，而这些设施将对成本产生影响，并且扮演满足顾客所需产品及服务的角色 从供货商和制造设施，经由仓库及分销中心，然后到达零售商和商店 在有些供应链的分析中，甚至对于供货商的供货商以及顾客的顾客进行整合。因为他们对于供应链的绩效产生影响 What is the goal? 供应链管理的目标是要使整个供应链系统以及成本具有效率 而整个系统的成本，包含将产品从原料到在制品、以至于最后制成品的运输及配销等成本，必须使其最小化 目标的重点不仅是要减少运输成本及减少库存，而是要将系统方法导入供应链管理里。 What level of activities are involved? 由于供应链管理是以有效整合供货商、制造商、仓库及商店为目标，所以它包含许多企业活动的层级 战略层 战术层 作业层 Strategic Planning Strategic Planning: Decisions that typically involve major capital investments and have a long term effect Determination of the number, location and size of new plants, distribution centres and warehouses, and the