[认知策略.doc

认知策略：语境 ? ? 根据上下文里的同（近）义或反义成分 ? ???? 为了避免重复，作者经常用不同的词表达同一个概念或意义。这为我们猜词义提供可很好的线索，请看下面例子： Mr. Williams bought an estate with a fine brick house in England . He bought a beautiful home with white walls and a pool in Spain . 从例子中可知， Mr. Williams 在 England 买了 house ，在 Spain 又买了 home ，这表明 estate 应该就是跟房子有关的，比如“房产”。 练习题： 1 With the combination of intelligence and manual skill, people have found ways to use plant and animal resources. ?key  2 At the least, it explains the greater job stability in Japan , in contrast to the great job mobility in America . ?key 3 Where the American is pressing for a specific decision, the Japanese is trying to devise a rather broad direction. ?key 4 The direction of the meeting is a mutual attempt to reduce differences and achieve harmony. ?key 5 We did not dismiss these people; rather we had them become securities sales people. ?key 6 When we are together theres no competition; neither of us feels better than or inferior to the other. ?key 7 One of these days these animals will just vanish from the face of the earth and never be seen again. ?key 8 We dont serve anything fancy , just plain, ordinary food. ?key ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 根据上下文关联信息的指代关系 ? ????　　 根据上下文中的指示代词、连词等功能词，往往能够确定单词与单词之间的关系，从而猜测单词的意思。请看下面例子： The first animals on this living sphere , the Earth, were primitive marine animals, and then around 500 million years ago these sea animals developed shells. 如果例子中的 sphere 对部分同学来说是生词，那么可以这样去猜测：在 the living sphere 后面有一个词 the Earth, 根据语法分析， the Earth 就是作 the living sphere 的同位语。大家都知道这个词是“地球”的意思，地球是圆的，那么我们可以猜 sphere 应该就是“圆形球体”的意思。请再看一个例子： Susan went to the shop and bought some bananas, mangoes, and rambutans. 很有可能这里的 rambutans 对很多同学都是生词。但是从上下文可以断定 rambutans 是 Susan 在商店里买的东西之一。另外，连词 and 把 rambutans 与 bananas 和 mangoes 连在一起，说明 rambutans 肯定是与 bananas 和 mangoes 相似或对等的东西。 bananas, 和 mangoes 是热带水果，那么 rambutans 是不是热带水果呢？又是百分之百正确。至于是什么水果可以不管。 练习题： ? １． The Tokyo Stock Exchange often has between 200 a