4-7单元构词法47单元构词法.doc

4-7单元构词法教案 Unit 4 Gene Therapy Part IV Medical Terminology 【幻灯2】A disease is any alteration from the normal structure or function of any part of the body. Diseases can be grouped into a number of different but often overlapping categories. These include: ? 【幻灯3】Infectious diseases — caused by microorganisms and other parasites that live at the expense of another organism. Any disease-causing organism is described as a pathogen. ? Degenerative diseases 变性疾病—resulting from wear and tear, aging, or trauma (injury) that can result in a lesion (wound) and perhaps necrosis (death) of tissue. Common examples include arthritis, cardiovascular problems, and certain respiratory disorders such as emphysema. Structural malformations such as congenital malformations, prolapse (dropping), or hernia (rupture) may also result in degenerative changes. ? Neoplasia—abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue. ? Immune disorders—failures of the immune system, allergies, and autoimmune diseases自身免疫病, in which the body makes antibodies to its own tissues, fall into this category. ? Metabolic disorders—resulting from lack of enzymes or other factors needed for cellular functions. Many hereditary disorders fall into this category. Malnutrition caused by inadequate intake of nutrients or inability of the body to absorb and use nutrients also upsets metabolism. ? Hormonal disorders—caused by underproduction or overproduction of hormones or by inability of the hormones to function properly. One example is diabetes mellitus. ? Mental and emotional disorders—disorders that affect the mind and adaptation of an individual to his or her environment. The cause of a disease is its etiology, although many diseases have multiple interacting causes. An acute disease is sudden and severe and of short duration. A chronic disease is of long duration and progresses slowly. I. Word-building (1) words word parts meaning examples cystic [sistik] ①囊的；②膀胱的；③胆囊的 cyst/o, cyst/i filled sac液囊 or pouch小袋,